Ophthalmoskopie: 11 Brochures Handaugenspiegel & Refractometer Thorner Um 1928

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Seller: tucholsklavier ✉️ (7,657) 100%, Location: Berlin, DE, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 156120414454 Ophthalmoskopie: 11 Brochures Handaugenspiegel & Refractometer Thorner Um 1928. A large part of the small, non-nationalized optical companies in Rathenow were shot together in March 1958 to form the JHA Duncker production cooperative (PGH). In 1972 PGH became VEB Hermann Duncker, which was also affiliated with the Carl Zeiss combine in 1978. In 1980, the two major Rathenow companies merged to form the VEB Rathenower Optical Works 'Hermann Duncker'. Until 1989, the VEB was the sole manufacturer of glasses in the GDR. At the end of 1989, VEB ROW had around 4,420 employees. The last director of operations from 1983 to 1990 was Albrecht Todte. Extensive modernization investments were made during his time. Despite scarce foreign exchange funds in the GDR, a total of around 35,000,000 DM was invested in the purchase of machines and systems from the USA, Austria, Italy and t.

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Ophthalmoscopy: 11 booklets Handheld Ophthalmoscope & Refractometer

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You bid eleven brochures and flyers about one eye refractometer as well as one non-reflecting hand-held ophthalmoscope, developed by ophthalmologist Dr. medical Walther Thorner (1874-1948) developed and by the company Emil Busch AG, Optical Industry Rathenow were expelled.

From an estate of Walther Thorner.

Scope: 2 printed pages approx. in A4 format, 20 pages in A5 format and 1 page in A6 format.

Undated (late 1920s).

Title among others:

-Instructions for the use of the artificial eye in connection with the eye refractometer

- Reflexless (stereoscopic) hand-held ophthalmoscope according to Prof. dr Thorner

-Price sheet for Busch eye refractometer according to Prof. dr Thorner

-Via the hand-held ophthalmoscope according to Prof. Thorner

-Tripod for the stereoscopic reflection-free hand-held ophthalmic mirror according to Prof. dr Thorner

-Calculation of the usual notation for prescription glasses from the measured values ​​obtained with the Busch eye refractometer

About the writer (ophthalmologist / Ophthalmologist and university professor): Walther (actually: Walter) Thorner, born at 16. October 1874 in Berlin as the son of the secret medical officer Dr. medical Eduard Sigismund Thorner and Klara, b. Lehmann, died at the 25. October 1948 in Bad Homburg. On the 25th. In February 1922 he married Ilse Tobye in Berlin. -- Walther Thorner was the author of the work " The theory of the ophthalmoscope and the photography of the fundus of the eye, Berlin 1903". In 1905 he invented a setting method for photographic equipment with the help of a range finder and registered several patents, including a non-reflecting hand-held ophthalmic mirror, anti-glare automobile headlights, a method and device for producing cinematographic combination images...

From an estate of Walther Thorner; I am also offering other documents and writings from it!

Condition: Mostly in good condition, only the two A4 sheets with major flaws. Please note a Also the pictures at the end of the item description!


pictures

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About ophthalmoscopy, the Optical Works Rathenow and the refractometer (source: wikipedia):

The ophthalmoscopy (gr. ?φθαλμοσκοπ?α, ophthalmoskopia - "the perception of the eye") or Ophthalmoscope or fundoscopy (from the Latin fundus meaning the back of the eye) is the inspection to assess the visible parts of the eye. In particular, the retina and the blood vessels that supply it ate can be examined. Arising from the optic disc (blind spot), the light red appearing arteries cross the dark red appearing veins of the retina.

An examination of the fundus of the eye with pupil-dilating medication is often prepared in order to ensure a better view, which is accompanied by the test subject being temporarily unfit to drive.

History: The ocular mirror (ophthalmoscope) developed by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1850/51, based on experiments carried out by Ernst Brücke in 1847 and illuminating the retina as well as clearly displaying it (through the use of a concave lens)[1][2]. can be regarded as the first practical device for viewing the interior of an organ.[3] Unlike an endoscope, it does not physically penetrate the organ. The ophthalmologist and medical historian Friedrich Helfreich (1842–1927), who habilitated in 1869 with a thesis on glaucoma and ran a private eye clinic in Würzburg from 1872, called for the inclusion of the ophthalmoscope in the basic equipment of clinics for internal medicine for the first time.

Types: Ophthalmoscopy can be done in two different ways:

An ophthalmoscope is used to examine the retina (2011)

eye fundus reflection; (Right eye) The clearly visible vessels of the retina arise from the right optic nerve head. To the left of center is the darker appearing yellow spot with the point of sharpest vision.

In direct ophthalmoscopy, a concave mirror with a viewing hole or a converging lens in the middle is used to illuminate the fundus of the eye as a so-called concave mirror. direct ophthalmoscope placed very close between the patient's eye and the examiner's eye. The distance is approx. 10 cm between examiner and patient, so that the examination is often perceived as uncomfortable.

In indirect ophthalmoscopy, from a distance of approx. 50 cm using a light source and a magnifying glass held 2-10 cm in front of the patient's eye, an illuminated section of the fundus is observed.

With direct ophthalmoscopy, the central parts such as the optic nerve head, vascular origins and the yellow spot (macula lutea) can be viewed easily and with the magnification provided by the lens of the eye.

With indirect ophthalmoscopy, the retina, optic nerve, vessels, macula lutea (yellow spot) and the retinal periphery can be easily examined. The magnification is not as great as with direct ophthalmoscopy, but here the overview is much better and, in contrast to direct ophthalmoscopy, a stereoscopic (3D) assessment is possible, so that most ophthalmologists prefer this examination technique. Indirect ophthalmoscopy can also be performed using a slit lamp. This allows the retinal image to be enlarged or assessed under the projection of a slit of light (even stronger 3D effect). Another instrument for indirect reflection is the bonoscope.

In recent years, so-called scanning laser ophthalmoscopes have been brought to market maturity in the field of imaging methods, which can produce high-resolution three-dimensional layer or relief representations by means of point-by-point or line-by-line scanning of the retina and confocal aperture and illumination technology. Patients usually remain able to drive by using this procedure, since they are not given medication to dilate their pupils, and they can view the images of their eyes themselves. However, the use of the procedure is not covered by statutory health insurance companies (individual health care).

The Rathenower Optical Works (ROW) was one of the most important manufacturers of lenses and other optical instruments in the GDR. The company was founded in 1801 as a royally privileged optical industrial establishment by the pastor Johann Heinrich August Duncker and Samuel Christoph Wagener, head of the industrial school of the Rathenow garrison.

story

From the founding in 1801 to 1945: Duncker had been manufacturing microscopes since 1790. In 1801, the year the company was officially founded, he patented a multi-spindle grinding machine he had developed. With this machine, eleven lenses could be ground and then polished at the same time.[2] The production of lenses and finished products equipped with them took place in part of Duncker's birthplace, a vicarage.[3] Important early products were lenses for microscopes, magnifying glasses and glasses as well as astronomical telescopes and microscopes. Invalid soldiers and orphans were used as the first workers.[3] While Duncker was in charge of technical matters, Wagener took care of sales. Despite difficult economic times, production grew steadily. From 1815, separate production rooms had to be rented.

Wagener left the company in 1806, but as a co-owner of the patent he had to be paid out for years. Due to illness, Duncker had to give up management of the company in 1819. In 1824 the industrial establishment became the property of Duncker's son Eduard (* 12. March 1797; † 1888), who directed it until 1845.[1][3] The focus of production at that time was on glasses, which were no longer sold through peddlers but through trade shops and industrial fairs.[1] In 1834 there was a move and with it significant expansion of the production facilities.

In 1845, Eduard Duncker's nephew Emil Busch took over the management of the company. In 1848 a workers' health insurance fund was established. From 1850 onwards, further optical companies were established in Rathenow. This development encouraged Busch to rationalize and introduce new products.[1][2] By 1851 the number of employees had risen to 130.[3] In 1852, cameras and lenses were added to the production range, including the newly invented pantoscope wide-angle lens in 1865.

In 1872 the conversion to Emil Busch Aktiengesellschaft took place.[3] The products were sold all over the world. The production of binoculars for the Prussian, German and foreign military became an important business up to the First World War.[1] From 1908 the company name was officially Emil Busch AG Optical Industry.[4] The First World War and the subsequent world economic crisis led to a reduction in the number of employees.

The interwar period was characterized by rapid technological development.

In cooperation with the "Emil Busch AG Optical Industry", Nicola Perscheid, for example, developed a special portrait lens called the Busch-(Nicola)-Perscheid lens. This is constructed as an aplanate from two identical and symmetrically arranged achromats with an aperture arranged in the middle between them.[5] With the Busch-Perscheid lens, the degree of soft focus can be controlled via the aperture setting. It came onto the market in 1921 and was widely used for portraiture in the years that followed, although after the end of the First World War the pictorialist style of photography fell out of fashion and was replaced by realism in the form of straight or straight photography. the New Objectivity.

In 1927, Emil Busch AG also presented an eye refractometer according to Thorner[6] for measuring ametropia.[7] In the same year, the relationship between Busch and Carl Zeiss, which had long been linked through cartel agreements, is said to have become even closer through cross-border ownership. Busch later purchased the lenses from Zeiss.

During the Second World War, the company worked entirely for the armaments industry. For example, rangefinders for artillery and large binoculars (10 × 80) for aircraft detection were produced. Emil Busch AG products have the manufacturer codes cxn and krq. War production also came from a branch in Budapest.[8] Emil Busch AG also employed forced laborers at this time. An external detachment of the Berlin-Lichtenberg prison for women and young people was attached to the company.[9] From 1943 the Carl Zeiss Foundation became the majority shareholder.[4] Shortly before the end of the war, the production facilities were largely destroyed.

Expropriation in 1945 and founding of VEB ROW: Emil Busch AG in Rathenow was officially expropriated by law after the end of the Second World War. The second largest optical company in Rathenow, Nitsche & Günther, was also expropriated in November 1945. In March 1946, Nitsche & Günther became the Rathenow optical works mbH. on the 1st On July 1, 1948, the Rathenower premises of Emil Busch AG became the headquarters of the newly founded state-owned company Rathenower Optical Works (VEB ROW), in which the Rathenower optical works mbH was merged. At the end of 1950, 1856 workers were already employed in VEB ROW.

Large polarization working microscope Poladun VI. of the Rathenower Optical Works (ROW), here in the transmitted light setup. Produced between 1961 and 1965 (this example was delivered in November 1962).

The VEB ROW was incorporated into the combine VEB Carl Zeiss Jena from 1966.

A large part of the small, non-nationalized optical companies in Rathenow were shot together in March 1958 to form the JHA Duncker production cooperative (PGH). In 1972 PGH became VEB Hermann Duncker, which was also affiliated with the Carl Zeiss combine in 1978. In 1980, the two major Rathenow companies merged to form the VEB Rathenower Optical Works 'Hermann Duncker'. Until 1989, the VEB was the sole manufacturer of glasses in the GDR. At the end of 1989, VEB ROW had around 4,420 employees. The last director of operations from 1983 to 1990 was Albrecht Todte. Extensive modernization investments were made during his time. Despite scarce foreign exchange funds in the GDR, a total of around 35,000,000 DM was invested in the purchase of machines and systems from the USA, Austria, Italy and the Federal Republic of Germany between 1988 and 1990.[3]

Reestablishment of Busch-AG in West Germany: Emil Busch AG moved its headquarters to Göttingen in 1949 and built up a production of spectacle lenses there. From 1953 the company traded as Emil Busch GmbH, Göttingen. The company had specialized in the production of optical measuring instruments. In the meantime, the company has merged into Carl Zeiss AG.

The VEB ROW after 1990: At the end of 1989, the ROW was separated from the combine VEB Carl Zeiss Jena and transferred to a GmbH in July 1990. In 1991, the Treuhandanstalt split off the microscope technology division from the GmbH, which now operates under the name ASKANIA Microscope Technology Rathenow GmbH.

Most of the ROW workforce was laid off and the old production halls were demolished. In 1992 the remaining individual companies were privatized and the land and the remaining buildings of the ROW were sold. A part now belongs to the optics manufacturer Essilor .[10] The Fielmann company bought the former administration building in 1996 and had it renovated. The town council of Rathenow has rented the house since February 1997.

Products

Microscopes: Microscopes were among Duncker's first products, even before the company was officially founded. A well-known small microscope (KMC model, design: Erich John) has been produced in around 500,000 units since the mid-1960s.

The microscope has been manufactured at Askania Microscope Technology Rathenow since 1995.[11]

(Astronomical) telescopes, telescopic sights: At the World Exhibition in London in 1851, the Optical Industry Institute Rathenow offered an astronomical telescope with an aperture of 105 mm. In 1914 the product range had been supplemented by several small telescopes down to 68 mm. In addition to the telescopes, mounts, eyepieces and inverting prisms were offered. A 150 mm achromatic lens with a focal length of 2000 mm for making a telescope yourself cost 900 marks at the time. After the Second World War, the production of astronomical telescopes was not resumed.

During the First World War, in addition to binoculars, telescopic sights were also manufactured (including the Visar model).[13] A pair of binoculars was the Gallileo 3 1/2x40.

Spectacles: The production of spectacle frames with the engraved letters OIAR (Optische Industrie-Anstalt Rathenow) soon followed the industrial production of spectacle lenses. Steel wire, horn, tortoise shell, leather and German silver were used as materials.[14] Emil Busch AG manufactured sunglasses from UV-absorbing glasses from Carl Zeiss under the name Ultrasin glasses.[15] The later VEB ROW manufactured sports glasses such as the START model.

As a special feature, binoculars were produced in the 1930s and 1940s (ROW Galistar), later on the market as the Unistar multifunction binocular kit (1964, design: Erich John).[16]

Cameras and camera lenses: The pantoscope, the first wide-angle lens, was used by Albrecht Meydenbauer (Berlin) in 1867 as the lens of a measuring camera. The photos of the special camera built together with Meydenbauer could be used for the first time as a precise template for true-to-scale drawings of buildings. However, standard lenses were also produced, such as Petzval portrait lenses. Lenses for large format cameras continued to be a Glyptar Anastigmat (e.g. 75 mm f/3.5) or a ROJA (formerly Emil Busch) Rapid Aplanat No.2 200 mm f/8.

From 1920 onwards, Nicola Perscheid lenses were offered in various focal lengths.[17] The Tiaranar Anastigmat (135mm f/4.5) was a Compur shutter lens.

Lenses were offered for various two-lens medium format SLR cameras such as the Welta Reflecta, the Welta Reflecta II or the Welta Peerflekta II[18]. This includes the Pololyt 1:3.5/75 in particular, but also the similarly specified Rectan lenses 1:3.5/75.

The Pololyt was also used as a screw-on lens in the single-lens reflex cameras from Dresden, Pilot 6 and Pilot Super.

From the turn of the century, various cameras came onto the market under the name ROJA, such as a camera made of precious wood for negative plates measuring 13 × 18 cm with a Busch Anastigmat lens Series II No.3 1:5.5/190 mm. Handheld cameras entered the production range around 1904.[19] One example is the ROJA single-lens reflex camera with central shutter. The camera took 9 × 12 cm and 10 × 15 cm film plates and could do 6 × 13 cm stereoscopic exposures. The lenses available were Glaukar Anastigmate 1:3.1, Omnar Anastigmate 1:4.5 and a Bis-Telar 1:7. The Preis camera came onto the market around 1910 as a classic bellows folding camera, a model for a small budget. The viewfinder (Sellar) was designed as a small concave mirror.

Projection technology: Emil Busch AG had already manufactured projection lenses and condensers in the early days of cinema technology. Its own optical products were advertised as the 'soul' of the projectors. The production of projection optics was continued by ROW after 1945.[20] The ROW Diarectim and Epirectim lenses are known, for example, for episcopes from the Leipzig company Heinrich Malinski. A projection lens with an outer diameter of 52 mm is the Neokino (f=120 mm).

Anamorphic lenses were manufactured under the brand name Rectimascop for the projection of wide-screen films. Examples are the Rectimascop 48/2×, the Rectimascop 80/2× or the Rectimascop IV 64/2×. A series of projection lenses for 'normal' cinema films was the Visionar (eg 92/1:1.6, 109/1:1.6 or 130/1:1.9 and 141/1:1.9). Rectimascop and Visionar were at least temporarily associated with the labels for 1. Quality of GDR goods excellent.

Compasses: During World War II, Emil Busch AG manufactured field compasses for the Wehrmacht. The compasses were made of robust Bakelite and were subject to the German Reich Utility Model (DRGM).

The refractometer is a measuring device for determining the refractive index of - liquid or solid - transparent substances by refractometry. It uses the behavior of light at the transition between a prism with known properties and the substance to be tested.

If the general composition of a liquid is known, a refractometer can be used to measure the concentration of substances dissolved in it. In connection with the harvest of wine, sugar beets and apples, the sugar content of the plants is determined in this way.

In ophthalmology, the refractive ratios of the eyes are determined with a refractometer.


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A large part of the small, non-nationalized optical companies in Rathenow were shot together in March 1958 to form the JHA Duncker production cooperative (PGH). In 1972 PGH became VEB Hermann Duncker, which was also affiliated with the Carl Zeiss combine in 1978. In 1980, the two major Rathenow companies merged to form the VEB Rathenower Optical Works 'Hermann Duncker'. Until 1989, the VEB was the sole manufacturer of glasses in the GDR. At the end of 1989, VEB ROW had around 4,420 employees. The last director of operations from 1983 to 1990 was Albrecht Todte. Extensive modernization investments were made during his time. Despite scarce foreign exchange funds in the GDR, a total of around 35,000,000 DM was invested in the purchase of machines and systems from the USA, Austria, Italy and t
Marke Emil Busch AG
Einband Broschüre
Region Europa
Sprache Deutsch
Autor Walther Thorner
Thema Medizin
Original/Faksimile Original
Genre Studium & Wissen
Eigenschaften Erstausgabe
  • Brand: Emil Busch AG
  • Cover: Brochure
  • Region: Europe
  • Language: German
  • Author: Walter Thorner
  • Theme: Medicine
  • Original/Facsimile: Original
  • Genre: Studio & Wissen
  • Properties: First Edition

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