1994 Aryton Senna Dies Newspaper F1 Driver Car Grand Prix GP British USA Old UK

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Seller: Top-Rated Seller checkoutmyunqiuefunitems ✉️ (3,712) 99.9%, Location: Manchester, Take a look at my other items, GB, Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 276366688805 1994 Aryton Senna Dies Newspaper F1 Driver Car Grand Prix GP British USA Old UK. Ayrton Senna Dies Newspaper Reproduction Replica of The Daily Mirror Newspaper from Monday 2nd May 1994 The Cover Story is the Death of Senna Contains Forty Four Pages   - The Complete Newspaper from that day  In Excellent Condition A Beautiful and Magnificent Keepsake Souvenir to Remember The Greatest F1 Driver In Excellent Condition   Please Check out my other F1 Items      Bid with Confidence - Check My 100% Positive Feedback from over 800 Satisfied Customers I have over 14 years of Ebay Selling Experience - So Why Not Treat Yourself? I have got married recently and need to raise funds to meet the costs also we are planning to move into a house together I always combined postage on multiple items so why not   Check out my other items   All Payment Methods in All Major Currencies Accepted. All Items Sent out within 24 hours of Receiving Payment. 

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Senna is one of three Formula One drivers from Brazil to win the World Championship and won 41 Grands Prix and 65 pole positions, with the latter being the record until 2006. He died in an accident while leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, driving for the Williams team. Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981 and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994. Senna was recognised for his qualifying speed over one lap, and from 1989 until 2006 he held the record for most pole positions. He was also acclaimed for his wet weather performances, such as the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix, the 1985 Portuguese Grand Prix, and the 1993 European Grand Prix. He holds a record six victories at the Monaco Grand Prix, is the fifth-most successful driver of all time in terms of race wins and has won more races for McLaren than any other driver. Senna courted controversy throughout his career, particularly during his turbulent rivalry with Prost. In the Japanese Grands Prix of 1989 and 1990, each of which decided the championship of that year, collisions between Senna and Prost determined the eventual winner. Daily Mirror Type    Daily newspaper Format    Red top Owner(s)    Reach plc Editor    Alison Phillips Founded    2 November 1903; 115 years ago Political alignment    Labour Headquarters    One Canada Square, London, United Kingdom Circulation    587,803 Daily (as of November 2017)[1] OCLC number    223228477 Website    www.mirror.co.uk The Daily Mirror is a British national daily tabloid newspaper founded in 1903. It is owned by parent company Reach plc. From 1985 to 1987, and from 1997 to 2002, the title on its masthead was simply The Mirror. It had an average daily print circulation of 716,923 in December 2016, dropping markedly to 587,803 the following year.[2] Its Sunday sister paper is the Sunday Mirror. Unlike other major British tabloids such as The Sun and the Daily Mail, the Mirror has no separate Scottish edition; this function is performed by the Daily Record and Sunday Mail, which incorporate certain stories from the Mirror that are of Scottish significance. Originally pitched to the middle-class reader, it was converted into a working-class newspaper after 1934, in order to reach a larger audience. The Mirror has had a number of owners. It was founded by Alfred Harmsworth, who sold it to his brother Harold Harmsworth (from 1914 Lord Rothermere) in 1913. In 1963 a restructuring of the media interests of the Harmsworth family led to the Mirror becoming a part of International Publishing Corporation. During the mid 1960s, daily sales exceeded 5 million copies, a feat never repeated by it or any other daily (non-Sunday) British newspaper since.[3] The Mirror was owned by Robert Maxwell between 1984 and 1991. The paper went through a protracted period of crisis after his death before merging with the regional newspaper group Trinity in 1999 to form Trinity Mirror. During the 1930s the paper was editorially sympathetic to Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists.[4] The paper has consistently supported the Labour Party since the 1945 general election.[5] History 1903–1995 Alfred Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe), founder of the Daily Mirror The Daily Mirror was launched on 2 November 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth (later Lord Northcliffe) as a newspaper for women, run by women.[6] Hence the name: he said, "I intend it to be really a mirror of feminine life as well on its grave as on its lighter sides ... to be entertaining without being frivolous, and serious without being dull".[7] It cost one penny (equivalent to 44p in 2018). It was not an immediate success and in 1904 Harmsworth decided to turn it into a pictorial newspaper with a broader focus. Harmsworth appointed Hamilton Fyfe as editor and all of the paper's female journalists were fired. The masthead was changed to The Daily Illustrated Mirror, which ran from 26 January to 27 April 1904 (issues 72 to 150), when it reverted to The Daily Mirror.[8] The first issue of the relaunched paper did not have advertisements on the front page as previously, but instead news text and engraved pictures (of a traitor and an actress), with the promise of photographs inside.[9] Two days later, the price was dropped to one halfpenny and to the masthead was added: "A paper for men and women".[10] This combination was more successful: by issue 92, the guaranteed circulation was 120,000 copies[11] and by issue 269, it had grown to 200,000:[12] by then the name had reverted and the front page was mainly photographs. Circulation grew to 466,000 making it the second-largest morning newspaper.[13] Alfred Harmsworth sold the newspaper to his brother Harold Harmsworth (from 1914 Lord Rothermere) in 1913. In 1917, the price was increased to one penny.[14] Circulation continued to grow: in 1919, some issues sold more than a million copies a day, making it the largest daily picture paper.[15] In 1924 the newspaper sponsored the 1924 Women's Olympiad held at Stamford Bridge in London. Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mirror's editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s.[16][17] On Monday, 22 January 1934 the Daily Mirror ran the headline "Give the Blackshirts a helping hand" urging readers to join Sir Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists, and giving the address to which to send membership applications.[18]By the mid-1930s, the Mirror was struggling – it and the Mail were the main casualties of the early 1930s circulation war that saw the Daily Herald and the Daily Express establish circulations of more than two million, and Rothermere decided to sell his shares in it. In 1935 Rothermere sold the paper to H. G. Bartholomew and Hugh Cudlipp.[19] With Cecil King (Rothermere's nephew) in charge of the paper's finances and Guy Bartholomew as editor, during the late 1930s the Mirror was transformed from a conservative, middle class newspaper into a left-wing paper for the working class.[20] Partly on the advice of the American advertising agency J. Walter Thompson, the Mirror became the first British paper to adopt the appearance of the New York tabloids. The headlines became bigger, the stories shorter and the illustrations more abundant.[21] By 1939, the publication was selling 1.4 million copies a day. In 1937, Hugh McClelland introduced his wild Western comic strip Beelzebub Jones in the Daily Mirror. After taking over as cartoon chief at the Mirror in 1945,[22] he dropped Beelzebub Jones and moved on to a variety of new strips. During the Second World War the Mirror positioned itself as the paper of the ordinary soldier and civilian, and was critical of the political leadership and the established parties. At one stage, the paper was threatened with closure following the publication of a Philip Zec cartoon (captioned by William Connor), which was misinterpreted by Winston Churchill and Herbert Morrison.[23] In the 1945 general election the paper strongly supported the Labour Party in its eventual landslide victory. In doing so, the paper supported Herbert Morrison, who co-ordinated Labour's campaign, and recruited his former antagonist Philip Zec to reproduce, on the front page, a popular VE Day cartoon on the morning of the election, suggesting that Labour were the only party who could maintain peace in post-war Britain.[24] By the late 1940s, it was selling 4.5 million copies a day, outstripping the Express; for some 30 years afterwards, it dominated the British daily newspaper market, selling more than 5 million copies a day at its peak in the mid-1960s. The Mirror was an influential model for German tabloid Bild, which was founded in 1952 and became Europe's biggest-selling newspaper.[25] Daily Mirror Building (1957-1960) in Langham Place, London In 1955, the Mirror and its stablemate the Sunday Pictorial (later to become the Sunday Mirror) began printing a northern edition in Manchester. In 1957 it introduced the Andy Capp cartoon, created by Reg Smythe from Hartlepool, in the northern editions.[citation needed] The Mirror's mass working class readership had made it the United Kingdom's best-selling daily tabloid newspaper. In 1960, it acquired the Daily Herald (the popular daily of the labour movement) when it bought Odhams, in one of a series of takeovers which created the International Publishing Corporation (IPC). The Mirror management did not want the Herald competing with the Mirror for readers, and in 1964, relaunched it as a mid-market paper, now named The Sun. When it failed to win readers, the Sun was sold to Rupert Murdoch – who immediately relaunched it as a more populist and sensationalist tabloid and a direct competitor to the Mirror. In an attempt to cater to a different kind of reader, the Mirror launched the "Mirrorscope" pull-out section on 30 January 1968. The Press Gazette commented: "The Daily Mirror launched its revolutionary four-page supplement "Mirrorscope". The ambitious brief for the supplement, which ran on Wednesdays and Fridays, was to deal with international affairs, politics, industry, science, the arts and business".[26] The British Journalism Review said in 2002 that "Mirrorscope" was "a game attempt to provide serious analysis in the rough and tumble of the tabloids".[27] It failed to attract significant numbers of new readers, and the pull-out section was abandoned, its final issue appearing on 27 August 1974.[citation needed] In 1978, The Sun overtook the Mirror in circulation, and in 1984 the Mirror was sold to Robert Maxwell. After Maxwell's death in 1991, David Montgomery became Mirror Group's CEO, and a period of cost-cutting and production changes ensued. The Mirror went through a protracted period of crisis before merging with the regional newspaper group Trinity to form Trinity Mirror in 1999. Printing of the Daily and Sunday Mirror moved to Trinity Mirror's facilities in Watford and Oldham.[citation needed] 1995–2004 Front page of the Mirror 24 June 1996, with headline "ACHTUNG! SURRENDER For you Fritz, ze Euro 96 Championship is over", and accompanying contribution from the editor, "Mirror declares football war on Germany" Under the editorship of Piers Morgan (from October 1995 to May 2004) the paper saw a number of controversies.[28] Morgan was widely criticised and forced to apologise for the headline "ACHTUNG! SURRENDER For you Fritz, ze Euro 96 Championship is over" a day before England met Germany in a semi-final of the Euro 96 football championships.[29] In 2000, Morgan was the subject of an investigation after Suzy Jagger wrote a story in The Daily Telegraph revealing that he had bought £20,000 worth of shares in the computer company Viglen soon before the Mirror 's 'City Slickers' column tipped Viglen as a good buy.[30] Morgan was found by the Press Complaints Commission to have breached the Code of Conduct on financial journalism, but kept his job. The 'City Slickers' columnists, Anil Bhoyrul and James Hipwell, were both found to have committed further breaches of the Code, and were sacked before the inquiry. In 2004, further enquiry by the Department of Trade and Industry cleared Morgan from any charges.[31] On 7 December 2005 Bhoyrul and Hipwell were convicted of conspiracy to breach the Financial Services Act. During the trial it emerged that Morgan had bought £67,000 worth of Viglen shares, emptying his bank account and investing under his wife's name too.[32] In 2002, the Mirror attempted to move mid-market, claiming to eschew the more trivial stories of show-business and gossip. The paper changed its masthead logo from red to black (and occasionally blue), in an attempt to dissociate itself from the term "red top", a term for a sensationalist mass-market tabloid. (On 6 April 2005, the red top came back.) Under then-editor Piers Morgan, the newspaper's editorial stance opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and ran many front pages critical of the war. It also gave financial support to the 15 February 2003 anti-war protest, paying for a large screen and providing thousands of placards. Morgan re-hired John Pilger, who had been sacked during Robert Maxwell's ownership of the Mirror titles. Despite such changes, Morgan was unable to halt the paper's decline in circulation, a decline shared by its direct tabloid rivals The Sun and the Daily Star.[citation needed] Morgan was fired from the Mirror on 14 May 2004 after authorising the newspaper's publication of photographs allegedly showing Iraqi prisoners being abused by British Army soldiers from the Queen's Lancashire Regiment.[33] Within days the photographs were shown to be fakes. Under the headline "SORRY.. WE WERE HOAXED", the Mirror responded that it had fallen victim to a "calculated and malicious hoax" and apologised for the publication of the photographs.[34] 2004–present The Mirror's front page on 4 November 2004, after the re-election of George W. Bush as U.S. President, read "How can 59,054,087 people be so DUMB?". It provided a list of states and their alleged average IQ, showing the Bush states all below average intelligence (except for Virginia), and all John Kerry states at or above average intelligence. The source for this table was The Economist,[35] although it was a hoax.[36] Richard Wallace became editor in 2004. On 30 May 2012, Trinity Mirror announced the merger of the Daily Mirror and Sunday Mirror into a single seven-day-a-week title.[37] Richard Wallace and Tina Weaver, the respective editors of the Daily Mirror and Sunday Mirror, were simultaneously dismissed and Lloyd Embley, editor of The People, appointed as editor of the combined title with immediate effect.[38][39] In 2018, Reach plc acquired the Northern & Shell titles, including the Daily Express, which led to a number of editor moves across the stable. Lloyd Embley was then promoted to editor-in-chief across the entire group, and Alison Phillips (previously deputy editor-in-chief for the Trinity Mirror titles) was appointed editor of the Daily Mirror. Political allegiance The Daily Mirror has traditionally backed the Labour Party at general elections. On 3 May 1979, the day of the general election, the Daily Mirror urged its readers to vote for the governing Labour Party led by James Callaghan.[40] As widely predicted by the opinion polls, Labour lost this election, which was won by the Conservative Party and saw Margaret Thatcher become Prime Minister.[40] The Mirror's continued support of the Labour government was in spite of its falling popularity over the previous few months which had been the result of the Winter of Discontent, where the country was crippled by numerous public sector strikes.[41] By the time of the 1983 general election, Labour support was at a postwar low, partly due to the strong challenge by the recently formed SDP-Liberal Alliance. Despite this, the Daily Mirror remained loyal to Labour and urged its readers to vote for the party (now led by Michael Foot), condemning the Thatcher-led Tory government for its "waste of our nation",[40] condemning the rise in unemployment that Thatcher's Conservative government had seen in its first term in power largely due to monetarist economic policies to reduce inflation, although the government's previously low popularity had dramatically improved since the success of the Falklands conflict a year earlier.[42] However, the Tories were re-elected and Labour suffered its worst postwar general election result, only narrowly bettering the SDP-Liberal Alliance in terms of votes whilst winning considerably more seats.[40] At the 1987 general election, the Daily Mirror remained loyal to Labour (now led by Neil Kinnock) and urged its readers "You know he's right, chuck her out".[40] By this stage, unemployment was falling and inflation had remained low for several years.[43] As a result, the Tories were re-elected for a third successive term, although Labour did cut the Tory majority slightly.[40] For the 1992 general election, the Daily Mirror continued to support Labour, still led by Neil Kinnock. By this stage Margaret Thatcher had stepped down and the Tory government was now led by John Major.[40] The election was won by the Tories, although Labour managed to significantly cut the Tory majority to 21 seats compared to the triple-digit figure of the previous two elections, which led to a difficult term for Major. The outcome of this election had been far less predictable than any of the previous three elections, as opinion polls over the previous three years had shown both parties in the lead, although any Labour lead in the polls had been relatively narrow since the Conservative government's change of leader from Thatcher to Major in November 1990, in spite of the onset of a recession in 1990 which had pushed unemployment up again after several years of decline. Labour's credibility was helped by plans including extra NHS funding and moving away from firm commitments on re-nationalisation to reverse the Conservative policy of privatisation, but its decision to be up-front about tax increases was seen as a key factor in its failure to win.[44] By the time of the 1997 general election, support for the Labour Party, now led by Tony Blair, in the opinion polls had exceeded that of support for the Tory government (still led by John Major) since late 1992, the government's reduced popularity largely blamed on the failings of Black Wednesday in September of that year and it had failed to recover popularity in spite of a strong economic recovery and fall in unemployment. A reinvented "New Labour" had further improved its credibility under Blair by promising traditional Labour essentials including more funding for healthcare and education, but also promising not to increase income tax and ending its commitment to the nationalisation of leading industries.[45] The Daily Mirror urged its readers that their country needed Tony Blair, and to vote Labour.[40] The election produced a Labour landslide and ended the party's 18-year exile from power. On 4 May 2010, the newspaper printed a picture of Conservative leader David Cameron with a giant red cross through his face. The headline read "How to stop him" in reference to the general election two days later, thus confirming the Daily Mirror's Labour allegiance. The election ended in Britain's first hung parliament since 1974, but Cameron still became prime minister of the country within days as the Conservatives formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats. The Daily Mirror was the only leading national newspaper to remain loyal to Labour and Gordon Brown at a time when opinion polls showed the party on course for their worst election result since 1983.[46] The newspaper was critical of the Liberal Democrats for forming the coalition which enabled the Conservatives to form a new government in 2010, and branded leader Nick Clegg as Pinickio (alluding to the lying fictional character Pinocchio)[47] for going back on numerous pre-election pledges. It has frequently referred to the party as the "Fib Dems"[48] or "Lib Dumbs".[49] The Daily Mirror endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[50] In 2016 the newspapers asked for Jeremy Corbyn's resignation "for the good of Labour and of the country". Despite this critical position, the Daily Mirror endorsed again the Labour Party in the 2017 general election.[51] Famous features This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Cartoon strips "Pip, Squeak and Wilfred" (1919–56), "Jane" (1932–59), "Garth" (1943–97, reprints 2011), "Just Jake" (1938–52), "Andy Capp" (1957–), and "The Perishers" (1955–2006 and later reprints). "The Old Codgers", a fictional pair who commented on the letters page from 1935 to 1990.[52] Chalky White, who would wander around various British seaside resorts waiting to be recognised by Mirror readers (an obscured photo of him having been published in that day's paper). Anyone who recognised him would have to repeat some phrase along the lines of "To my delight, it's Chalky White" to win £5. The name continues to be used on the cartoons page, as Andy Capp's best friend. "Shock issues" intended to highlight a particular news story. The columnist Cassandra (1935–67). "Dear Marje", a problem page by agony aunt Marjorie Proops. Investigative reporting by Paul Foot and John Pilger (including the latter's exposé of the atrocities of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia). "The Shopping Basket". Starting in the mid-1970s, the paper monitored the cost of a £5 basket of shopping to see how it increased in price over the years. Blue issue On 2 April 1996, the Daily Mirror was printed entirely on blue paper.[citation needed] This was done as a marketing exercise with Pepsi-Cola, who on the same day had decided to relaunch their cans with a blue design instead of the traditional red and white logo.[citation needed] Libel, contempt of court, errors and criticism Sorry We Were hoaxed Front page of the Daily Mirror after publishing faked photographs. In the 1959 Liberace v Daily Mirror case, Liberace sued the Mirror for libel. William Connor had written a pseudonymous column hinting that the American entertainer was a homosexual; homosexuality was illegal in Britain at the time. The jury found in Liberace's favour and he received £8,000 in damage (estimated at around £500,000 in 2009).[53] In 1991, shortly after the death of Queen's lead singer Freddie Mercury, the Daily Mirror ran a homophobic column by Joe Haines which contained extensive insults towards Mercury, HIV/AIDS victims, and homosexuals.[54][55] The article prompted an open letter in condemnation from folk singer Lal Waterson, later recorded as a song by her sister Norma.[56] In December 1992, Scottish politician George Galloway won libel damages from the Daily Mirror and its Scottish sister the Daily Record, who had falsely accused him of making malicious allegations about their foreign editor Nicholas Davies. Galloway had used parliamentary privilege to call for an independent investigation into allegations about Davies made in the book The Samson Option.[57] In May 2004, the Daily Mirror published what it claimed were photos of British soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners at an unspecified location in Iraq. The decision to publish the photos, subsequently shown to be hoaxes, led to Morgan's sacking as editor on 14 May 2004. The Daily Mirror then stated that it was the subject of a "calculated and malicious hoax".[58] The newspaper issued a statement apologising for the printing of the pictures. The paper's deputy editor, Des Kelly, took over as acting editor during the crisis. The tabloid's rival, The Sun, offered a £50,000 reward for the arrest and conviction of those accused of faking the Mirror photographs. In June 2004, American model Caprice Bourret won a libel case against the Daily Mirror for an article in April that year which falsely claimed that her acting career had failed.[59] In November 2007, the Daily Mirror paid damages to Sir Andrew Green after having likened him and his group MigrationWatch UK to the Ku Klux Klan and Nazi Party in September of that year. The newspaper admitted that such allegations were "untrue".[60] In February 2008 both the Daily and the Sunday Mirror implied that TV presenter Kate Garraway was having an affair. She sued for libel, receiving an apology and compensation payment in April 2008.[61] On 18 September 2008, David Anderson, a British sports journalist writing for the Mirror, repeated a claim deriving from vandalism on Wikipedia's entry for Cypriot football team AC Omonia, which asserted that their fans were called "The Zany Ones" and liked to wear hats made from discarded shoes. The claim was part of Anderson's match preview ahead of AC Omonia's game with Manchester City, which appeared in the web and print versions of the Mirror, with the nickname also quoted in subsequent editions on 19 September.[62][63] The episode was featured in Private Eye. In November 2009, the Mirror paid "substantial libel damages" to Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo after it admitted that a story about him becoming highly intoxicated in a Hollywood nightclub was untrue.[64] On 12 May 2011, the High Court of England and Wales granted the Attorney General permission to bring a case for contempt against The Sun and the Daily Mirror for the way they had reported on the arrest of a person of interest in the Murder of Joanna Yeates.[65][66] On 29 July, the Court ruled that both newspapers had been in contempt of court, fining the Daily Mirror £50,000 and The Sun £18,000.[67] In October 2013, a defamation case brought by the Irish airline Ryanair against the Daily Mirror was settled out of court. The Mirror had repeated allegations about the airline's safety from a Channel 4 documentary which were not reflected by its most recent evaluation by the Irish Aviation Authority.[68] On 19 July 2011 the Mirror published an article labelling comedian Frankie Boyle as a racist. He later sued for defamation and libel, winning £54,650 in damages and a further £4,250 for a claim about his departure from Mock the Week. The Mirror had argued he was "forced to quit" but this was found to be libellous by the court.[69][70] On 20 March 2017 the Mirror painted the traditional Russian pancake celebration Maslenitsa as a Hooligan training ground. One of the centuries-old tradition in this Russian festival is “wall-to-wall” (‘stenka na stenku’, Ru) which is sparring between men dressed in traditional folk clothes. This tradition was wrongly represented by the Mirror in the pictures and text, labelled as violent acts and living in fear without giving context or any information about this Russian traditional festival at all. The Mirror article was titled “Russia's Ultra yobs infiltrated amid warnings England fans could be KILLED at World Cup.”, and received negative receptions from Russian media, also being described as fake news.[71][72][73][74] The organisers of the traditional Russian folk festival event are looking to sue the Daily Mirror, it is reported later.[75] Representatives of the Daily Mirror acknowledged that the original material of the publication about Russian Hooligans was incorrectly illustrated with images of the traditional festival. In the updated version of the article the newspaper continues to insist that the photographed people were hooligans in the pictures, but gives no evidence of their participation in the festival.[76] Significant staff members Editors 1903 to 1904: Mary Howarth 1904 to 1907: Hamilton Fyfe 1907 to 1915: Alexander Kenealy 1915 to 1916: Ed Flynn 1916 to 1929: Alexander Campbell 1929 to 1931: Cameron Hogg 1931 to 1934: Leigh Brownlee 1934 to 1948: Cecil Thomas 1948 to 1953: Silvester Bolam 1953 to 1961: Jack Nener 1961 to 1971: Lee Howard 1971 to 1974: Tony Miles 1974 to 1975: Michael Christiansen 1975 to 1985: Mike Molloy 1985 to 1990: Richard Stott 1990 to 1991: Roy Greenslade 1991 to 1992: Richard Stott 1992 to 1994: David Banks 1994 to 1996: Colin Myler 1996 to 2004: Piers Morgan 2004 to 2012: Richard Wallace 2012 to 2018: Lloyd Embley 2018 to date: Alison Phillips Source: Tabloid Nation[24] Notable columnists Notable former and current columnists of the Daily Mirror include: The 3AM Girls (gossip columnists) William Connor (opinion under the pseudonym Cassandra (1935–1967)) Caradoc Evans (1917–1923) Richard Hammond (motoring and Saturday columnist) Oliver Holt (sports columnist) Kevin Maguire (UK politics) Penman & Greenwood (investigators) Fiona Phillips (Saturday columnist) Brian Reade (Thursday columnist; also does a sports column on Saturdays) Keith Waterhouse (largely humorous (1993–2009)) Chris Hughes (security and defence) Geoffrey Goodman (1969–1986) Awards The Daily Mirror won "Newspaper of the Year" in 2002 at the British Press Awards. It won "Scoop of the Year" in 2003 ("3am", 'Sven and Ulrika'), 2004 (Ryan Parry, 'Intruder at the Palace'), 2006 and 2007 (both Stephen Moyes).[77] The Mirror won "Team of the Year" in 2001 ('Railtrack'), 2002 ('War on the World: World against Terrorism'), 2003 ('Soham'), and 2006 ('London bombings'); and "Front Page of the Year" in 2007.[77] The Mirror also won the "Cudlipp Award" in 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2010.[77] See also The Wharf, sister newspaper for the Isle of Dogs. Daily Mirror Silver Cup Notes  "ABCs: Increased bulks help Telegraph become only UK newspaper to increase circulation in November". Press Gazette. Retrieved 5 February 2018.  "Print ABCs: Seven UK national newspapers losing print sales at more than 10 per cent year on year". Press Gazette. Retrieved 28 January 2017.  United Newspapers PLC and Fleet Holdings PLC, Monopolies and Mergers Commission (1985), pp.5–16  "Revealed: the fascist past of the Daily Mirror". The Independent. 11 November 2003.  "Newspaper support in UK general elections", The Guardian, 4 May 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2015.  "The Mirror | British newspaper". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 December 2017.  Daily Mirror No. 1 (2 November 1903) page 3  Albion (1973) Vol 5, 2-page 150  Daily Mirror issue 72, 26 January 1904  Daily Illustrated Mirror issue 74, 28 January 1904  Daily Illustrated Mirror issue 92, 18 February 1904  Daily Mirror issue 269, 13 September 1904  Daily Mirror issue 1335, 8 February 1908  Daily Mirror issue 4163, 26 February 1917  Daily Mirror issue 4856, 19 May 1919  Griffiths, Richard (1980). Fellow Travellers of the Right: British Enthusiasts for Nazi Germany, 1933-9. London: Constable. ISBN 0-09-463460-2"."  Roy Greenslade, Don't damn the Daily Mail for its fascist flirtation 80 years ago, theguardian.com (7 December 2011)  "Revealed: the fascist past of the Daily Mirror". The Independent. 11 November 2003.  McKibbin, Ross. Classes and Cultures: England 1918-1951. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 406.  Adrian Bingham, and Martin Conboy, "The Daily Mirror and the Creation of a Commercial Popular Language," Journalism Studies (2009) 19#5 pp 639-654.  McKibbin, Ross. Classes and Cultures: England 1918-1951. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 506.  Horn, Maurice (1983). The World encyclopedia of comics. Chelsea House. ISBN 9780877543237.  Connor, Robert (1969). Cassandra: Reflections in a Mirror. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-93341-9.  Horrie, Chris (2003). Tabloid Nation: From the Birth of the Mirror to the Death of the Tabloid Newspaper. André Deutsch. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-233-00012-1.  Sex, Smut and Shock: Bild Zeitung Rules Germany Spiegel Online 25 April 2006  "Back Issues 23.01.03". Press Gazette. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.  "Attacking the devil". British Journalism Review. 13 (4): 6–14. 2002.  "Piers Morgan | British journalist and television personality". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 December 2017.  Thomsen, Ian (26 June 1996). "Oh, Sorry: Tabloids Lose the Soccer War". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 June 2008.  Jagger, Suzy (2 February 2000). "Mirror editor saw his shares soar after paper tipped company". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 22 November 2002.  "Morgan cleared after shares probe". BBC News. 10 June 2004.  Tryhorn, Chris (23 November 2005). "Mirror editor 'bought £67,000 of shares before they were tipped'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 May 2010.  "Daily Mirror statement in full". CNN. 13 May 2004. Archived from the original on 25 November 2004. Retrieved 22 May 2010.  "Fake abuse photos: Editor quits". CNN London. 15 May 2004. Archived from the original on 12 October 2004.  Sutherland, John (11 November 2004). "The Axis of Stupidity". The Guardian. London.  "Fool Me Twice". Snopes. 12 November 2004. Retrieved 19 July 2009.  Sweney, Mark (30 May 2012). "Richard Wallace and Tina Weaver depart as Mirror titles go seven-day". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 30 May 2012.  Alleyne, Richard (30 May 2012). "Daily Mirror to merge with Sunday Mirror as both editors sacked". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 30 May 2012.  "Daily Mirror and Sunday Mirror to merge: full statement". The Daily Telegraph. London. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.  "A century of Daily Mirror front pages". Daily Mirror. London. 20 April 2010.  "Politics 97". BBC News. 3 May 1979.  "1983: Thatcher triumphs again". BBC News. 5 April 2005.  "1987: Thatcher's third victory". BBC News. 5 April 2005.  "1992: Tories win again against odds". BBC News. 5 April 2005.  "1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule". BBC News. 15 April 2005.  "Which political parties do the newspapers support?". Supanet.  "Clegg Nose Day – Join our campaign to shame 'Pinickio' Nick Clegg". Daily Mirror. London. 13 January 2011.  Routledge, Paul (4 March 2011). "Security bill for Nick Clegg's Lib Dem conference is more than just coppers". Daily Mirror. London.  "PMQs shows up the Lib Dumbs". Daily Mirror. London. 19 May 2010.  "Americans must vote Hillary Clinton for their own sake". Daily Mirror. 7 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.  "Help Corbyn kick the Tories into touch - Voice of the Mirror". Daily Mirror. London. 22 April 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2018.  Bamber Gascoigne (1993) Encyclopedia of Britain (Macmillan)  Greenslade, Roy (26 May 2009). "The meaning of 'fruit': how the Daily Mirror libelled Liberace". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 September 2018.  "queenmania: This repulsive article, which..." random thoughts: queen, life, and everything.  "Dark Side of Freddie". Queencuttings. 28 November 1991. Retrieved 3 June 2018.  "Song of the Day, November 26: Lal Waterson's Reply to Joe Haines". Music and Meaning: The RBHS Jukebox. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2018.  "Scottish MP wins libel damages". The Herald. 22 December 1992. Retrieved 3 October 2018.  "Fake abuse photos: Editor quits". CNN. 15 May 2004. Archived from the original on 12 October 2004.  "Caprice wins libel case over acting claims". The Daily Telegraph. 16 June 2004. Retrieved 3 October 2018.  "Sir Andrew Green - an apology". Daily Mirror. 26 November 2007.  "GMTV Kate wins 'affair' libel award". Sunday Express. London. 10 April 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2009.  Gripper, Ann (18 September 2008). "New-look Manchester City side begin their UEFA Cup campaign in earnest". Daily Mirror. London. Retrieved 17 July 2009.  Yates, David (19 August 2008). "Omonia Nicosia 1–2 Manchester City: Goals start to flow for Jo". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 17 July 2009.  "Cristiano Ronaldo wins libel damages against Daily Mirror". The Daily Telegraph. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2018.  "Sun and Mirror in contempt case over Jo Yeates stories". BBC News. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.  "Sun and Mirror accused of Jo Yeates contempt". BBC News. 5 July 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2011.  Halliday, Josh (29 July 2011). "Sun and Mirror fined for contempt of court in Christopher Jefferies articles". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 July 2011.  "Ryanair settles defamation action against Daily Mirror out of court". RTÉ. 25 October 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2018.  "BBC News on Frankie Boyle lawsuit". BBC News. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.  Preece, Rob (22 October 2012). "Comedian Frankie Boyle wins £54,000 libel payout after being branded a racist by the Daily Mirror". Daily Mail. Retrieved 22 October 2012.  "Brits scared about pancake battles Gazeta.ru". Retrieved 4 April 2017.  "Fake news del Mirror, il Carnevale russo diventa allenamento per uccidere". Retrieved 21 March 2017.  "UK tabloid distorts traditional Russian pancake festival into 'Ultra' football thug fights". Retrieved 21 March 2017.  "Daily Mirror misleads with wrong pictures for article on football 'Ultras' in Russia". Retrieved 21 March 2017.  "'We're looking to sue Daily Mirror' – Russian pancake festival fight organizers on hooligan claims". Retrieved 24 March 2017.  "Daily Mirror acknowledged incorrectly illustrated text about world Cup fans". Retrieved 4 April 2017.  Press Gazette, Roll of Honour Archived 16 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 24 July 2011 References Morgan, Piers (13 May 2004). "Daily Mirror statement in full". CNN World. Archived from the original on 25 November 2004. Retrieved 28 November 2005 "Fake abuse photos: Editor quits". London: CNN. 15 May 2004. Archived from the original on 12 October 2004. Retrieved 27 November 2005 External links     Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daily Mirror. Official website (Mobile) Documents and clippings about Daily Mirror in the 20th Century Press Archives of the German National Library of Economics vte Editors of the Daily Mirror, Sunday Mirror and Sunday Pictorial Daily Mirror    1903: Mary Howarth1904: Hamilton Fyfe1907: Alexander Kenealy1915: Ed Flynn1916: Alexander Campbell1931: Leigh Brownlee1934: Cecil Thomas1948: Silvester Bolam1953: Jack Nener1961: Lee Howard1971: Tony Miles1974: Michael Christiansen1975: Mike Molloy1985: Richard Stott1990: Roy Greenslade1991: Richard Stott1992: David Banks1994: Colin Myler1995: Piers Morgan2004: Richard Wallace2012: Lloyd Embley Sunday Pictorial    1915: F. R. 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Date    1 May 1994; 25 years ago Location    Imola, Emilia-Romagna, Italy The death of Ayrton Senna happened on 1 May 1994 after his car crashed into a concrete barrier while he was leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Italy. The previous day, Roland Ratzenberger had died when his car crashed during qualification for the race. His and Senna's accidents were the worst of several accidents that took place that weekend and were the first fatal accidents to occur during a Formula One race meeting in twelve years. They became a turning point in the safety of Formula One, prompting the implementation of new safety measures in both Formula One and the circuit, as well as the Grand Prix Drivers' Association to be reestablished. The Supreme Court of Cassation of Italy ruled that mechanical failure was the cause of the accident, although this has been disputed. Background In 1994, Senna left his longtime team McLaren that he joined in 1988, to join Williams, replacing his former teammate Alain Prost and being paired with Damon Hill. Williams was expected to again contend for the F1 World Championship as they had in the previous two seasons with Prost and Nigel Mansell, albeit with cars that no longer had electronic aids, which had been banned for the 1994 season. On debut for his new team during the traditional pre-season testing at Estoril, Senna said of the Williams FW16: I have a very negative feeling about driving the car and driving it on the limit and so on. Therefore I didn't have a single run or a single lap that I felt comfortable or reasonably confident. I am uncomfortable in the car. It all feels wrong. We changed the seat and the wheel, but even so I was already asking for more room. Going back to when we raced at Estoril last September, it feels much more difficult. Some of that is down to the lack of electronic change. Also, the car has its own characteristics which I'm not fully confident in yet. It makes you a lot more tense and that stresses you.[1] The problems continued as the season commenced. Senna had his worst ever start to a Formula One season, failing to finish or score points in the first two races (the Brazilian and Pacific Grands Prix), despite having taken pole in both. Benetton's Michael Schumacher was the championship leader entering the third race at Imola, with Senna trailing by twenty points.[2] 1994 San Marino Grand Prix Main article: 1994 San Marino Grand Prix Rubens Barrichello (pictured at the 1995 French Grand Prix) suffered a high speed crash at the Variante Bassa chicane On the Friday before the race, Senna's protegé, Rubens Barrichello, driving for the Jordan team, clipped a curb and crashed heavily at 140 mph (230 km/h) at the Variante Bassa chicane. Senna got out of his Williams car and went to the scene of the accident. Minutes after the accident, Barrichello regained consciousness and found Senna looking over him. After learning Barrichello had survived, Senna returned to his car and continued his practice session.[3] After the session concluded, he left his car and went to the Williams motor home to attend pre-arranged interviews for the press and told the attending journalists to wait one hour while he was checking car problems with his engineer, David Brown. Following the interviews, Senna continued his work with Brown for another two hours. Once he arrived back to his hotel in Castel San Pietro, Senna reportedly telephoned his girlfriend Adriane Galisteu and broke down into tears while recounting Barrichello's accident earlier that day.[3] On Saturday morning, Senna set a personal best time of 1m 22.03 seconds and agreed with teammate Damon Hill that the car had improved. Having been released from the Medical Centre, Barrichello told Senna he was flying back to England to watch the race on television.[3] Roland Ratzenberger was killed after colliding with a concrete wall at the Villeneuve Curve In the afternoon, the second qualifying session began and 18 minutes into the session, Simtek driver Roland Ratzenberger struck the concrete wall on the outside of the Villeneuve curve at 314 km/h, as a result of a suspected front wing failure.[4] After the impact with a concrete barrier, the car bounced off and rested in the middle of that section of the track. Senna saw the replays of the accident and rushed into the pitlane to get inside a course car. When he arrived, with Ratzenberger taken into an ambulance, Senna inspected the damaged Simtek.[3] He then attended the circuit's Medical Centre where he learnt from friend and neurosurgeon Sid Watkins that Ratzenberger had died. When the two left the centre together, Watkins told the inconsolable multiple-time world champion that he did not have to race ever again and suggested to Senna that he withdraw from the race and go fishing with him. Senna responded by telling Watkins he could not stop racing and then went back to the Williams garage, where he summoned Patrick Head and Frank Williams, telling them of the situation and deciding to withdraw for the remainder of the Qualifying session.[3] Reportedly, Senna retired to his motor home where he broke down in tears and collapsed onto the floor. This had concerned Williams, who asked Betise Assumpção to arrange a meeting to discuss Senna's emotional state. Senna decided not to attend the post-qualifying press conference, leading the FIA to discuss but decide not to take disciplinary action against him. On the following day, however, Race Stewards called Senna out of his motor home to discuss his having commandeered a course car to visit Ratzenberger's crash site. A row ensued and Senna stormed off in disgust. The Stewards decided to take no action.[3] On Sunday morning, Senna was the fastest in the warm-up session by nine-tenths of a second. Afterwards he spotted former McLaren rival Alain Prost sitting at a table. They talked together for 30 minutes, with Senna lobbying for Prost's help to improve the sport's safety, both agreeing to meet before the Monaco Grand Prix.[3] Next, Senna filmed an in-car lap of Imola for French television channel TF1, where he greeted Prost now working as a presenter for that channel: "A special hello to our dear friend Alain. We all miss you, Alain." Prost said that he was amazed and very touched by the comment.[5] At the drivers' briefing, Senna attended along with Gerhard Berger. Since he was unwilling to speak out due to the earlier row with race officials that had left him still fraught with emotions,[3] Senna asked Berger to raise his concerns about the pace car's presence during formation lap, which had no role other than to promote the then latest Porsche 911. At the San Marino Grand Prix, this pace car was thus made to leave the grid in advance of the Formula One cars, instead of together. Senna then met with fellow drivers to discuss the re-establishment of a drivers' group (the Grand Prix Drivers' Association) in an attempt to increase safety in Formula One. As the most senior driver, Senna offered to take the role of leader, starting with the next race event in Monaco. Niki Lauda suggested that Senna lead the group because of his strong personality, relative to the other drivers.[6] Racing crash A map of the circuit per 1994 layout, with the Tamburello corner encircled. At the start of the race, Pedro Lamy and JJ Lehto were involved in a serious accident spraying debris into the crowd and injuring bystanders. Track officials deployed the Opel Vectra safety car, driven by Max Angelelli, to slow down the field and allow the removal of debris. The competitors proceeded behind the safety car for five laps.[7] As the Vectra was based on a family sedan and not relatively fast, Senna had pulled alongside the Vectra to gesture to its driver to speed up; this car was subsequently regarded as inadequate for the role (due to the fact that its brakes had overheated and thus had to be driven slowly, lest itself be the cause of an accident) and a cause of the alleged drop in tyre pressures of the following Formula One cars.[8][9] Before the sixth lap, David Brown told Senna via pit-to-car radio that the safety car was pulling off, and Senna acknowledged the message.[3] On lap 6, the race resumed and Senna immediately set a quick pace with the third-quickest lap of the race, followed by Schumacher. At the flat-out left-hander Tamburello corner, Schumacher noticed that Senna took a tight line through the curve and his car jiggled on the bumps.[7] On lap 7, the second lap at racing speed, Senna's car left the racing line at Tamburello, ran in a straight line off the track and struck an unprotected concrete barrier. Telemetry data recovered from the wreckage shows he entered the corner at 309 km/h (192 mph) and then braked hard to slow down before impacting the wall at 211 km/h (131 mph).[10] The car hit the wall at a shallow angle, tearing off the right front wheel and nose cone and spinning to a halt. After Senna's car stopped he was initially motionless in the cockpit. After about ten seconds, as recorded by the close-up aerial footage, his head was seen to lift to the left before returning to its original position. Thereafter he did not move again. What appeared to have happened was that the right front wheel shot up upon impact and entered the cockpit, striking the right frontal area of his helmet. The violence of the wheel's impact pushed his head back against the headrest, causing fatal skull fractures.[11] A piece of suspension attached to the wheel had partially penetrated his Bell M3 helmet and caused trauma to his head.[11] In addition, it appeared that a jagged piece of the upright assembly had penetrated the helmet visor just above his right eye.[11] Senna was using a medium-sized (58 cm) M3 helmet with a new "thin" Bell visor. Any one of the three injuries would probably have killed him.[11] After the crash it was immediately evident that Senna had suffered some form of injury, because his helmet was seen to be motionless and leaning slightly to the right. The subtle movement of his head in the seconds that followed raised false hopes. Moments after the crash, Angelo Orsi, a photographer and a friend of Senna, took photographs of Senna in the car after his helmet was removed and Senna being treated before marshals blocked his view. Despite receiving numerous offers, the photographs have only been seen by Orsi and the Senna family, who insisted that Orsi not publish the photographs.[3] Fire marshals arrived at the car and were unable to touch Senna before qualified medical personnel arrived. Senna was pulled out of the car minutes after the accident.[6] Television coverage from an overhead helicopter was seen around the world, as rescue workers gave Senna medical attention. Close inspection of the area in which the medical staff treated Senna revealed a considerable amount of blood on the ground. From visible injuries to Senna's head, it was evident to attending medical professionals that he had sustained a grave head trauma. An emergency tracheotomy was conducted alongside the track to establish a secure airway through which the medical personnel could artificially maintain his breathing. The race was stopped one minute and nine seconds after Senna's crash. Williams team manager Ian Harrison went up to race control, finding a scene where many race officials were sensing that Senna's crash had been serious. Bernie Ecclestone later arrived in race control to calm the situation.[12] Professor Sid Watkins, a world-renowned neurosurgeon, Formula One Safety Delegate and Medical Delegate, and the head of the Formula One on-track medical team, performed the on-site tracheotomy on Senna.[13] Watkins later reported: He looked serene. I raised his eyelids and it was clear from his pupils that he had a massive brain injury. We lifted him from the cockpit and laid him on the ground. As we did, he sighed and, although I am not religious, I felt his spirit depart at that moment.[14] Watkins cleared the respiratory passages, stemmed the blood flow, replaced blood lost from the accident and immobilised the cervical area. Watkins radioed for a medical helicopter and asked the intensive care anaesthetist, Giovanni Gordini, to escort Senna to Maggiore Hospital.[3] Approximately 10 minutes after Senna's crash, a miscommunication in the pits caused a Larrousse car piloted by Érik Comas to leave the pit lane and attempt to rejoin the now red flagged Grand Prix. That incident with Comas was spotted by Eurosport commentator John Watson as the "most ridiculous thing I've ever seen at any time in my life".[15] Frantic waving by the marshals at Senna's crash site prevented the Larrousse from risking a collision with the medical helicopter that had landed on the track. Senna's car was eventually lifted onto a truck and returned to the pitlane where officials impounded it. However, an unidentified person insisted that the black-box data carried on the car should be removed.[12] At 3:00 pm, the helicopter landed in front of the Maggiore Hospital. Doctors rushed Senna into intensive care; a brain scan confirmed the diagnosis made on the track. At 3:10 pm, Senna's heart stopped beating, doctors restarted his heart, and he was placed on a life-support machine. Senna's brother Leonardo arranged for a priest to perform the last rites which occurred at 6:15 pm. Senna's heart stopped beating at 6:37 pm, and it was decided not to restart it. Doctor Maria Teresa Fiandri, the emergency department head physician at the hospital who was off-duty and had been watching the race live from home with her sons, immediately left for the hospital and arrived at the same time as Senna's helicopter landed some 28 minutes after the crash. In her interview after 20 years, she confirmed that the blood loss suffered by Senna was due to a damaged superficial temporal artery and that, apart from his head injuries, Senna appeared serene and the rest of the body was intact. Dr Fiandri became responsible for providing medical updates to the media and public that had amassed at the hospital and, at 6:40 pm, she announced that Senna was dead.[16] It was later revealed that, as medical staff examined Senna, a furled Austrian flag was found in his car—a flag that he had intended to raise in honour of Ratzenberger after the race.[17] Sometime after the race, Ian Harrison was called by an Italian lawyer informing Harrison of Senna's death and that it was being treated as a "road traffic accident". Early in the morning of 2 May, Harrison was called by another lawyer, who took him to a mortuary. Harrison declined to see Senna's body upon being asked.[12] Funeral Monument to Ayrton Senna, Melinda Garcia's work, installed at the entrance of the tunnel under Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo, Brazil Senna's death was considered by many of his Brazilian fans to be a national tragedy, and the Brazilian government declared three days of national mourning. Contrary to airline policy, Senna's coffin was allowed to be flown back to his home country not as cargo but in the passenger cabin of Varig's McDonnell Douglas MD-11 commercial jetliner (registration PP-VOQ (cn 48435/478)), accompanied by his younger brother, Leonardo, and close friends. Senna's coffin was covered with a large Brazilian flag. The funeral, taking place on 5 May 1994, was broadcast live on Brazilian television[18] and an estimated three million people lined the streets of his hometown of São Paulo. Many prominent motor racing figures attended Senna's state funeral, notably Alain Prost, Gerhard Berger, Jackie Stewart, Damon Hill, Thierry Boutsen, Rubens Barrichello (Ayrton's new protégé) and Emerson Fittipaldi who were among the pallbearers. However, Senna's family did not allow FOM president Bernie Ecclestone to attend,[19] and FIA president Max Mosley instead attended the funeral of Roland Ratzenberger which took place on 7 May 1994, in Salzburg, Austria.[20] Mosley said in a press conference ten years later, "I went to his funeral because everyone went to Senna's. I thought it was important that somebody went to his."[21] Senna was buried at the Morumbi Cemetery in São Paulo. His grave bears the epitaph "Nada pode me separar do amor de Deus", which means "Nothing can separate me from the love of God". A testament to the adulation he inspired among fans worldwide was the scene at the Tokyo headquarters of Honda where the McLaren cars were typically displayed after each race. Upon his death, so many floral tributes were received that they overwhelmed the large exhibit lobby.[22] This was in spite of the fact Senna no longer drove for McLaren and furthermore that McLaren, in the preceding seasons, did not use Honda power. Senna had a special relationship with company founder Soichiro Honda[citation needed] and was revered in Japan, where he achieved a near mythic status. For the next race at Monaco, the FIA decided to leave the first two grid positions empty and painted them with the colours of the Brazilian and the Austrian flags, to honour Senna and Ratzenberger. Aftermath Reactions ESPN, who broadcast the San Marino Grand Prix in the United States, broke the news to its audience during the NASCAR Winston Cup Series event later that afternoon from Talladega Superspeedway. During a safety car period on Lap 111, with Dale Earnhardt leading, lead commentator Bob Jenkins announced Senna had died and extended the network's condolences. To honor Senna, the ESPN booth of Jenkins, Ned Jarrett, and Benny Parsons went silent for the ensuing restart, ending after another multiple-car incident resulted in another safety car within two laps of the restart. Earnhardt offered his own tribute to Senna in victory lane after the race. In Brazil, the country's television networks spent the rest of the day interrupting their normal programming schedules to announce Senna's death and replay his last interview, given to the media on the day before the accident.[23] Many motor racing fans gathered outside of Maggiore Hospital to pay their respects to Senna, causing major traffic jams.[24][25] Fans also gathered in the Williams F1 factory in Didcot where around 200 people attended with flowers laid on the front gates of the factory.[12] The Italian and Brazilian press were critical of the FIA for the rule changes that were enacted for 1994.[24] Benetton driver Schumacher called for improvements in safety.[26] BBC Sport commentator Murray Walker called Senna's death the "blackest day for Grand Prix racing that I can remember".[27] Two and a half months later, following Brazil's victory over Italy in the 1994 FIFA World Cup held in the United States, the Brazilian squad had dedicated their World Cup victory to Ayrton Senna.[28] Safety improvements The layout of the circuit was changed after the two fatal accidents at the 1994 event. On 3 May, the FIA called a meeting at the request of the Italian Automobile Club to review the events of the weekend.[29] Later on, the governing body announced new safety measures for the next round in Monaco which included the entry and exit of the pitlane to be controlled by a curve to force cars to run at a reduced speed, no team mechanic would be allowed onto the pit lane surface except for when the drivers made a pit stop, and a draw would be arranged to determine the order in which cars make pit stops and be limited to emergencies with cars not taking on new tyres or allowed to refuel.[30] On 8 May, it was reported that Federico Bendinelli, an official who worked at Imola, said Senna had inspected the Tamburello corner and declared it was "O.K."[31] Williams ran tests on one of their rigs attempting to replicate Senna's accident from the data retrieved. They attempted to simulate a mechanical failure which had not proven conclusive.[12] At the next race in Monaco, retired world champion Niki Lauda announced the reformation of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association (GPDA). The representatives elected were Lauda and active drivers Michael Schumacher, Gerhard Berger and Christian Fittipaldi. Following the tragic accidents during the season, the GPDA demanded the FIA improve the safety of Formula One. The FIA responded quickly and introduced changes to the regulations as follows:[32] For the Spanish Grand Prix: the size of diffusers would be reduced; the front wing end plates would be raised; the size of the front wing would be reduced. All together this would reduce the amount of downforce by about 15%. For the Canadian Grand Prix: the lateral protection of the drivers' heads would be improved by increasing the height of the sides of the cockpit; the minimum weight of a Formula 1 car would be increased by 25 kg (changed to 15 kg by Canadian GP); the front wishbones would be strengthened to reduce the possibility of a front wheel coming loose and striking the driver; the cockpit would be lengthened to prevent drivers striking their head on the front of the cockpit; the use of pump petrol would be imposed; the airboxes from the engines would be removed to reduce the airflow to the engines and thus decrease the power available. Other changes included improved crash barriers, redesigned tracks and tyre barriers, higher crash safety standards, higher sills on the driver cockpit and a limit on 3-litre engines.[33] The FIA immediately investigated the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola, and the track's signature Tamburello turn was changed into a left-right chicane as a result. In February 1995, a 500-page report by a team of judicial investigators was handed over to Italian prosecutors which attributed Senna's crash to steering column failure caused by a pre-race adjustment.[34] Autopsy During legal proceedings before the Italian courts on 3 March 1997, based on the expert testimony and evidence of the pathologist, Dr Cipolla, Senna's official time of death was recorded as 2:17 pm on 1 May 1994,[35] coinciding with cerebral death under Italian law, upon Senna hitting the Tamburello wall. The FIA and Italian motorsport authorities still maintain that Senna was not killed instantly, but rather died in hospital, where he had been rushed by helicopter after an emergency tracheotomy and IV administration were performed on the track. There is an ongoing debate as to why Senna was not declared dead at the track. Under Italian law, accidents resulting in a fatality must be investigated for any criminal culpability. The activities that cause the fatality, such as a sporting event, must be suspended forthwith and the scene of the accident secured. The former Director of the Oporto (Portugal) Legal Medicine Institute, Professor José Eduardo Pinto da Costa, has stated the following: From the ethical viewpoint, the procedure used for Ayrton's body was wrong. It involved dysthanasia, which means that a person has been kept alive improperly after biological death has taken place because of brain injuries so serious that the patient would never have been able to remain alive without mechanical means of support. There would have been no prospect of normal life and relationships. Whether or not Ayrton was removed from the car while his heart was beating or whether his supply of blood had halted or was still flowing, is irrelevant to the determination of when he died. The autopsy showed that the crash caused multiple fractures at the base of the cranium, crushing the forehead and rupturing the temporal artery with haemorrhage in the respiratory passages. It is possible to resuscitate a dead person immediately after the heart stops through cardio-respiratory processes. The procedure is known as putting the patient on the machine. From the medical-legal viewpoint, in Ayrton's case, there is a subtle point: resuscitation measures were implemented. From the ethical point of view, this might well be condemned because the measures were not intended to be of strictly medical benefit to the patient but rather because they suited the commercial interest of the organisation. Resuscitation did, in fact, take place, with the tracheotomy performed, while the activity of the heart was restored with the assistance of cardio-respiratory devices. The attitude in question was certainly controversial. Any physician would know there was no possibility whatsoever of successfully restoring life in the condition in which Senna had been found.[36] Professor José Pratas Vital, Director of the Egas Moniz Hospital in Lisbon, a neurosurgeon and Head of the Medical Staff at the Portuguese GP, offered a different opinion: The people who conducted the autopsy stated that, on the evidence of his injuries, Senna was dead. They could not say that. He had injuries which led to his death, but at that point, the heart may still have been functioning. Medical personnel attending an injured person, and who perceive that the heart is still beating, have only two courses of action: One is to ensure that the patient's respiratory passages remain free, which means that he can breathe. They had to carry out an emergency tracheotomy. With oxygen and the heart beating, there is another concern, which is the loss of blood. These are the steps to be followed in any case involving serious injury, whether on the street or on a racetrack. The rescue team can think of nothing else at that moment except to assist the patient, particularly by immobilising the cervical area. Then the injured person must be taken immediately to the intensive care unit of the nearest hospital.[36] Rogério Morais Martins, creative director of Ayrton Senna Promotions (which became the Ayrton Senna Institute after Senna's death), stated that: According to the first clinical bulletin read by Dr. Maria Teresa Fiandri at 4:30 pm Ayrton Senna had brain damage with haemorrhaged shock and deep coma. However, the medical staff did not note any chest or abdomen wound. The haemorrhage was caused by the rupture of the temporal artery. The neurosurgeon who examined Ayrton Senna at the hospital mentioned that the circumstances did not call for surgery because the wound was generalised in the cranium. At 6:05 pm Dr. Fiandri read another communiqué, her voice shaking, announcing that Senna was dead. At that stage he was still connected to the equipment that maintained his heartbeat. The release by the Italian authorities of the results of Ayrton Senna's autopsy, revealing that the driver had died instantaneously during the race at Imola, ignited still more controversy. Now there were questions about the reactions of the race director and the medical authorities. Although spokespersons for the hospital had stated that Senna was still breathing on arrival in Bologna, the autopsy on Ratzenberger [who died the day before] indicated that his death had been instantaneous. Under Italian law, a death within the confines of the circuit would have required the cancellation of the entire race meeting. That, in turn, could have prevented Senna's death. The relevant Italian legislation stipulates that when a death takes place during a sporting event, it should be immediately halted and the area sealed off for examination. In the case of Ratzenberger, this would have meant the cancellation of both Saturday's qualifying session and the San Marino Grand Prix on Sunday. Medical experts are unable to state whether or not Ayrton Senna died instantaneously. Nevertheless, they were well aware that his chances of survival were slight. Had he remained alive, the brain damage would have left him severely handicapped. Accidents such as this are almost always fatal, with survivors suffering irreversible brain damage. This is a result of the effects on the brain of sudden deceleration, which causes structural damage to the brain tissues. Estimates of the forces involved in Ayrton's accident suggest a rate of deceleration equivalent to a 30-metre vertical drop, landing head-first. Evidence offered at the autopsy revealed that the impact of this 208 km/h crash caused multiple injuries at the base of the cranium, resulting in respiratory insufficiency. There was crushing of the brain (which was forced against the wall of the cranium causing oedema and haemorrhage, increasing intra-cranial pressure and causing brain death), together with the rupture of the temporal artery, haemorrhage in the respiratory passages and the consequent heart failure. There are two opposing theories on the issue of whether the drivers were still alive when they were put in the helicopters that carried them to hospital. Assuming both Ratzenberger and Senna had died instantaneously, the race organisers might have delayed any announcement in order to avoid being forced to cancel the meeting, thus protecting their financial interests. Had the meeting been cancelled, Sagis – the organisation which administers the Imola circuit – stood to lose an estimated US$6.5 million.[36] Italian prosecution The Williams team remained entangled for many years in Italian criminal court proceedings, which had been instituted by prosecutors following manslaughter charges being laid against key team officials. The original trial in 1997 concluded with acquittals after the judge ruled that the prosecution had failed to prove its case, but a retrial was ordered by Italy's highest court.[37] Thus, on 13 April 2007, the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation delivered its own verdict (number 15050) stating that: "It has been determined that the accident was caused by a steering column failure. This failure was caused by badly designed and badly executed modifications. The responsibility for this falls on Patrick Head, culpable of omitted control". Head, however, was not arrested since the Italian statute of limitations for culpable homicide was 7 years and 6 months, and the verdict was pronounced 13 years after the accident.[38] The criminal charges focused on the car's steering column, which was found to have sheared off at a point where a modification had been made. The prosecution alleged that the column had failed causing the accident and the Williams team conceded to this failure, but only as caused by the crash impact. In the weeks preceding the San Marino Grand Prix, Senna reportedly had asked his team to alter the steering column in order to give him more room in the cockpit.[39] Patrick Head and Adrian Newey satisfied Senna's request by having the FW16's existing shaft cut and extended with a smaller-diameter piece of tubing that was welded together with reinforcing plates. The modification was carried out in this manner as there was insufficient time to instead manufacture a new steering shaft in time for the race. A 600-page technical report was submitted by Bologna University under Professor of Engineering Enrico Lorenzini and his team of specialists. The report concluded that fatigue cracks had developed through most of the steering column at the point where it had broken.[40] Lorenzini stated: "It had been badly welded together about a third of the way down and couldn't stand the strain of the race. We discovered scratches on the crack in the steering rod. It seemed like the job had been done in a hurry but I can't say how long before the race. Someone had tried to smooth over the joint following the welding. I have never seen anything like it. I believe the rod was faulty and probably cracked even during the warm-up. Moments before the crash only a tiny piece was left connected and therefore the car didn't respond in the bend."[41] An analysis of the onboard camera video was submitted by Cineca, which tracked the movement of the steering wheel during the race. Having rotated in a fixed arc during the previous laps, during the final seconds a yellow button on the wheel moved several centimetres away from its normal trajectory, with the steering wheel tilting in its own plane, indicating a breaking steering column.[42] Williams introduced its own video to prove the movement was normal in which David Coulthard manhandled an FW16B steering wheel, the effort required to deflect the wheel termed as "quite considerable". Michele Alboreto testified that the steering wheel movement was abnormal, stating that the video "proves that something was broken in Senna's Williams. No steering wheel moves a few centimetres."[43][44][45][46] On 16 December 1997, Frank Williams and five others were acquitted of the charges, ending the threat of a boycott of Formula One in Italy.[47] In a 381-page ruling, Judge Antonio Constanzo concluded that steering column failure was the probable cause of Senna's accident; however, there was no proof of negligence on the part of Head or Newey, or that they had designed the modifications in the first place.[48] On 22 November 1999, an appeals court upheld the acquittals, rejecting a request from prosecutors to give one-year suspended sentences to Head and Newey.[49] In April 2002, Senna's FW16 chassis number 02 was returned to the Williams team. The team reported that the car was in an advanced state of deterioration and was subsequently destroyed. Senna's helmet was returned to Bell, and was incinerated. The car's engine was returned to Renault, and its fate is unknown to us.[50][51] In January 2003, the Italian Supreme Court reopened the case, ruling that "material errors" had been made, referring it to the Bologna court of appeal.[52] On 27 May 2005, the court gave a full acquittal to Adrian Newey, while the case against Head was "timed out" under a statute of limitations.[49] On 13 April 2007, the Italian Supreme Court rejected a request for the acquittal of Patrick Head, ruling Head responsible for "badly designed and badly executed modifications", and that the event was "foreseeable and preventable".[38] In May 2011, Williams FW16 designer Adrian Newey expressed his views on the accident: "The honest truth is that no one will ever know exactly what happened. There's no doubt the steering column failed and the big question was whether it failed in the accident or did it cause the accident? It had fatigue cracks and would have failed at some point. There is no question that its design was very poor. However, all the evidence suggests the car did not go off the track as a result of steering column failure... If you look at the camera shots, especially from Michael Schumacher's following car, the car didn't understeer off the track. It oversteered which is not consistent with a steering column failure. The rear of the car stepped out and all the data suggests that happened. Ayrton then corrected that by going to 50% throttle which would be consistent with trying to reduce the rear stepping out and then, half-a-second later, he went hard on the brakes. The question then is why did the rear step out? The car bottomed much harder on that second lap which again appears to be unusual because the tyre pressure should have come up by then – which leaves you expecting that the right rear tyre probably picked up a puncture from debris on the track. If I was pushed into picking out a single most likely cause that would be it."[53][54] Riccardo Patrese suffered a right rear tyre failure at Tamburello during practice for the 1992 Grand Prix, yet his car (an active suspension FW14B) was seen to be spinning before even leaving the track. Alternative hypotheses Driver error – Patrick Head, technical director of Williams, indicated that Senna had made a driving error. What made him believe this is what Michael Schumacher told him right after the race that Senna's car looked 'nervous' the previous lap. Japanese broadcasts of the 1994 season show both Schumacher and Hill gesturing a bottoming out action with their hands while waiting for the restart of the 1994 Imola GP.[55][56] Damon Hill said he is convinced that Senna made a mistake.[57][58] Tyre puncture – Adrian Newey, who designed Senna's car, said he believes a tyre puncture may have caused Senna to crash. What made him believe that is evidence that there was debris on the track following the JJ Lehto crash.[59][60][61] Riccardo Patrese suffered a right rear tire failure at Tamburello during practice for the 1992 Grand Prix, yet his car (an active suspension FW14B) was seen to be spinning before even leaving the track. See also List of fatal Formula One accidents References  "Senna Interview". Autosport. Haymarket Consumer Media. 134 (4): 28. 24 January 1994. ISSN 0269-946X.  "Senna retrospective". BBC News. 21 April 2004. Retrieved 26 April 2010.  Jones, Dylan (22 April 2011). "The last 96 hours of Ayrton Senna". 8wforix. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2012.  Sam Tremayne. "A racer through and through - Ratzenberger remembered". Formula 1. Retrieved 6 May 2019.  Hamilton, Maurice. Frank Williams. Macmillan. p. 234. ISBN 0-333-71716-3.  Thomsen, Ian (2 May 1994). "Suddenly, Death Returns to Formula One Auto Racing". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 October 2012.  Williams 2010, p. 143.  "History of the F1 Safety Car". enterF1.com. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2010.  Hassall, David (1 May 2014). "Senna 20th anniversary". Retrieved 3 April 2015.  Williams, Richard (2010). The Death of Ayrton Senna. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141963914. p. 154  "The death of Ayrton Senna: His last 100 hours". 25 February 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2011.  James, Matt (2010). "Senna: The Untold Story". F1 Racing. Haymarket Publications (January 2011).  "8W – Who? – Ayrton Senna". Forix.com. Retrieved 4 June 2011.  Watkins, Sid (1996). Life at the Limit: Triumph and Tragedy in Formula One. Pan Books. p. 10. ISBN 0-330-35139-7.  Watson, John (Commentator) (1994). Eurosport Live Grand Prix (Television). Eurosport.  Lorenzini, Tommaso (23 April 2014). "Ayrton Senna, il racconto della dottoressa: "Così mi morì in braccio"". Libero Quotidiano. Retrieved 12 December 2014.  Longer, Andrew (31 October 1994). "Ayrton Senna: The Last Hours". The Times. p. 30. Back at the track, in the shattered remains of Senna's car, they discovered a furled Austrian flag Senna had intended to dedicate his 42nd grand prix victory to Ratzenberger's memory.  "Motor Racing: Prost's touching tribute to Senna: Friends and colleagues bear a champion's body to his grave". London: The Independent. 6 May 1994. Retrieved 9 September 2012.  "'Senna would have beaten Schumacher in equal cars' – Motor Racing, Sport". The Independent. UK. 22 April 2004. Retrieved 24 June 2009.  David Tremayne; Mark Skewis; Stuart Williams; Paul Fearnley (5 April 1994). "Track Topics". Motoring News. News Publications Ltd.  "Max went to Roland's funeral". f1racing.net. 23 April 2004. Retrieved 28 October 2006.  アイルトン・セナの去った夜 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 11 July 2011.  Turner, Rik (2 May 1994). "Motor Racing: Brazil mourns a national hero: Not since Pele had there been such a hero to his nation". London: The Independent. Retrieved 9 September 2012.  "Formula One circuit faces tough questions". The Milwaukee Journal. 3 May 1994. p. C2.  "Race to death: Grand Prix's poor safety record criticized after pair of fatilities". Allegheny Times. 2 May 1994. p. B5.  "Harsh criticism Formula I board ripped after Senna death". Toledo Blade. 3 May 1994. p. 23.  "Race ace Senna killed in car crash". BBC News. 1 May 1994. Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2006.  "Senna's death inspired Brazil's 1994 WC run". sportsnet.ca. Retrieved 22 July 2018.  Allspop, Derek (3 May 1994). "The Dangers in Sport: Governing body calls a summit". London: The Independent.  "Formula One makes 3 safety changes". Reading Eagle. 5 May 1994. p. D6.  "Sports Digest: From Wire Reports". The Spokane Review. 8 May 1994. p. C3.  Official 1994 season review video  Henderson, Charlie (5 March 2001). "F1's pressing safety question". BBC Sport (BBC). Retrieved 17 October 2012.  Andrew Gumbel and Derick Allsop (25 February 1995). "Senna crash `caused by adjustment to steering'". The Independent. Retrieved 9 July 2017.  "Secrets of Senna's black box". Ayrton Senna – The Senna files. 25 February 1995. Retrieved 13 December 2014.  "The Senna Files: Ayrton Senna trial news etc: NewSfile No.2". Ayrton Senna. Retrieved 4 June 2011.  "Top designers acquitted on Senna". BBC News. 27 May 2005.  "Senna, Head "responsabile"". Gazzetta dello Sport. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2011.  Williams 2010, p. 154.  "Williamsdispute Senna findings". The Independent. UK. 29 March 1996. Retrieved 4 June 2011.  Tremayne, David (17 December 1995). "Williams fear Senna fall-out". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 4 June 2011.  "Image processing on Senna's camera car video | Cineca". Cineca.it. 16 December 1997. Retrieved 1 May 2014.  "la Repubblica.it" (in Italian). Ricerca.repubblica.it. 17 September 1997. Retrieved 1 May 2014.  NetLine S.a.s. – http://web.tin.it/netline/. "WebRAISport – 17 settembre '97 – Auto: Processo Senna". .raisport.rai.it. Retrieved 1 May 2014.  "Key Moments in Trial". irishtimes.com. Retrieved 22 November 2016.  "Williams counters crash claim". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 22 July 2018.  "6 acquitted of charges in Ayrton Senna death". Bangor Daily News. 17 December 1997. p. C7-C8.  Williams, Richard (2010). The Death of Ayrton Senna. ISBN 0241950120.  "Top designers acquitted on Senna". BBC News. 27 May 2005.  "Senna's Car Not Destroyed, Say Williams". Autosport. 18 April 2002.  Tom Rubython, "Life of Senna", chapter 33, "The Trial", p. 473.  "Senna death case back in court". BBC Sport (BBC). 28 January 2003. Retrieved 2 October 2012.  McRae, Donald (16 May 2011). "Ayrton Senna's death 'changed me physically', says Adrian Newey". The Guardian. London.  "Tornano i tormenti di Newey su Senna (senza verità)". Omnicorse.it. Retrieved 1 May 2014.  Channel1990 Motorsports (23 March 2017). "1994年 F1 総集編 (1994 Formula1 compilation)". Retrieved 29 October 2017 – via YouTube.  "Motor Racing: Williams official claimed 'Senna made mistake': Team". independent.co.uk. 4 May 1994. Retrieved 22 November 2016.  "Hill: Senna made fatal mistake – F1 – Autosport". autosport.com. Retrieved 22 November 2016.  http://www.carmag.co.za/speed_post/driver-error-caused-senna-death/  Panzariu, Ovidiu (17 May 2011). "Tire Puncture Might Have Caused Senna's Death – Newey". autoevolution.com. Retrieved 22 November 2016.  McRae, Donald (16 May 2011). "Ayrton Senna's death 'changed me physically', says Adrian Newey". Retrieved 22 November 2016 – via The Guardian.  McRae, Donald (16 May 2011). "Why Adrian Newey just cannot bear to watch the new Senna movie". Retrieved 22 November 2016 – via The Guardian. vte Ayrton Senna 21 March 1960 – 1 May 1994 Related articles     DeathInstituto Ayrton SennaList of Grand Prix wins Ayrton Senna 8 - Cropped.jpg Formula One teams     TolemanLotusMcLarenWilliams Video games     Ayrton Senna's Super Monaco GP IIAyrton Senna Kart DuelGran Turismo 6F1 2019 In popular culture     SenninhaAyrton Senna EPSenna (documentary) Named after     Rodovia Ayrton SennaJardim São Paulo-Ayrton SennaAutódromo Internacional Ayrton Senna (Caruaru)Autódromo Internacional Ayrton Senna (Goiânia)Autódromo Internacional Ayrton Senna (Londrina)Audi SennaMcLaren Senna Related     1988 F1 season1990 F1 season1991 F1 season1984 Nürburgring race1994 San Marino Grand PrixTema da Vitória Top 100 F1 Drivers 100. Brian Redman 99. Jochen Mass 98. Stefan Johansson 97 Piers Courage 96. Trevor Taylor 95. Eugenio Castellotti 94. Jacques Laffite 93. Stuart Lewis-Evans 92. Wolfgang Von Trips 91. Ralf Schumacher 90. Roy Salvadori 89. Mike Hailwood 88. Raymond Sommer 87. Luigi Musso 86. John Watson 85. Jarno Trulli 84. Innes Ireland 83. Tom Pryce 82. Tony Brise 81 René Arnoux 80. Thierry Boutsen 79. Johnny Servoz-Gavin 78. Jean-Pierre Beltoise 77. Richie Ginther 76. Eddie Irvine 75. Michele Alboreto 74. Bruce Mclaren 73. Peter Collins 72. Patrick Depailler 71. Dick Seaman 70. Derek Warwick 69. Martin Brundle 68. Rubens Barrichello 67. Jenson Button 66. Patrick Tambay 65. Riccardo Patrese 64. Lorenzo Bandini 63. Elio de Angelis 62. Stefan Bellof 61. Froilan Gonzalez 60. Felipe Massa 59. David Coulthard 58. Jo Siffert 57. Peter Revson 56. Louis Chiron 55. Carlos Pace 54. Juan-Pablo Montoya 53. Jean Alesi 52. Denny Hulme 51. Clay Regazzoni 50. Ricardo Rodriguez 49. Jacques Villeneuve 48. Jean Behra 47. Pedro Rodriguez 46. Gerhard Berger 45. François Cevert 44. Graham Hill 43. Jean-Pierre Wimille 42. Jody Scheckter 41. Giuseppe Farina 40. Mike Hawthorn 39. Damon Hill 38. Phil Hill 37. James Hunt 36. Alan Jones 35. Jacky Ickx 34. Didier Pironi 33. Rudolf Caracciola 32. Fernando Alonso 31. Nigel Mansell 30. Lewis Hamilton 29. Kimi Raikkonen 28. Keke Rosberg 27. Dan Gurney 26. Hermann Lang 25. Ronnie Peterson 24. John Surtees 23. Guy Moll 22. Nelson Piquet 21. Jochen Rindt 20. Niki Lauda 19. Mario Andretti 18. Jack Brabham 17. Emerson Fittipaldi 16. Achille Varzi 15. Carlos Reutemann 14. Tony Brooks 13. Chris Amon 12. Gilles Villeneuve 11. Michael Schumacher 10. Mika Hakkinen 9. Tazio Nuvolari 8. Jackie Stewart 7. Bernd Rosemeyer 6. Juan-Manuel Fangio 5. Alberto Ascari 4. Alain Prost 3. Ayrton Senna 2. Jim Clark 1. Stirling Moss
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