Jorge Amado Signed Postcard Book Showdown Brazilian Author Scarce

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Seller: memorabilia111 ✉️ (808) 100%, Location: Ann Arbor, Michigan, US, Ships to: US & many other countries, Item: 176299957924 JORGE AMADO SIGNED POSTCARD BOOK SHOWDOWN BRAZILIAN AUTHOR SCARCE. Author...... Amado, Jorge Title....... Showdown. Trans. by Gregory Rabassa. Publisher... NY Bantam Books (1988). Fine in like dw. Laid in is post card signed "Jorge". 1st US ed. Jorge Amado was a Brazilian writer of the modernist school. He remains the best-known of modern Brazilian writers, with his work having been translated into some 49 languages and popularized in film, including Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands in 1976.

Jorge Amado (10 August 1912 – 6 August 2001) was a Brazilian writer of the modernist school. He remains the best-known of modern Brazilian writers, with his work having been translated into some 49 languages and popularized in film, including Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands in 1976. His work reflects the image of a Mestiço Brazil and is marked by religious syncretism. He depicted a cheerful and optimistic country that was beset, at the same time, with deep social and economic differences. He occupied the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1961 until his death in 2001. He won the 1984 International Nonino Prize in Italy. He also was Federal Deputy for São Paulo as a member of the Brazilian Communist Party between 1947 and 1951. Biography Amado was born on Saturday, 10 August 1912, on a farm near the inland city of Itabuna, in the south of the Brazilian state of Bahia. He was the eldest of four sons of João Amado de Faria and D. Eulália Leal. The farm was located in the village of Ferradas, which, though today is a district of Itabuna, was at the time administered by the coastal city of Ilhéus. For this reason, he considered himself a citizen of Ilhéus. From his exposure to the large cocoa plantations of the area, Amado knew the misery and the struggles of the people working the land and living in almost enslaved conditions. This was to be a theme present in several of his works (for example, The Violent Land of 1944). As a result of a smallpox epidemic, his family moved to Ilhéus when he was one year old, and he spent his childhood there.[1] He attended high school in Salvador, the capital of the state. By the age of 14 Amado had begun to collaborate with several magazines and took part in literary life, as one of the founders of the Modernist "Rebels' Academy".[1] He was the cousin of Brazilian lawyer, writer, journalist and politician Gilberto Amado,[2] and of Brazilian actress and screenwriter Véra Clouzot.[3] Amado published his first novel, The Country of Carnival, in 1931, aged 18. He married Matilde Garcia Rosa and had a daughter, Lila, in 1933. The same year he published his second novel, Cacau, which increased his popularity. He studied law at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Law but never became a practising lawyer.[4] His leftist activities made his life difficult under the dictatorial regime of Getúlio Vargas. In 1935 he was arrested for the first time, and two years later his books were publicly burned. His works were banned from Portugal, but in the rest of Europe, he gained great popularity with the publication of Jubiabá in France. The book received enthusiastic reviews, including that of Nobel prize Award winner Albert Camus. In the early 1940s, Amado edited a literary supplement for the Nazi-funded political newspaper "Meio-Dia".[5][6] Being a communist militant, from 1941 to 1942 Amado was compelled to go into exile to Argentina and Uruguay. When he returned to Brazil he separated from Matilde Garcia Rosa. In 1945 he was elected to the National Constituent Assembly, as a representative of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) (he received more votes than any other candidate in the state of São Paulo). He signed a law granting freedom of religious faith. He remarried in 1945, to the writer Zélia Gattai. In 1947 they had a son, João Jorge. The same year his party was declared illegal, and its members arrested and persecuted. Amado chose exile once again, this time in France, where he remained until he was expelled in 1950. His daughter from his first marriage, Lila, died in 1949. From 1950 to 1952 Amado and Gattai lived in Czechoslovakia, where another daughter, Paloma, was born. He also travelled to the Soviet Union, winning the Stalin Peace Prize in 1951.[7] Documents released to the public in 2016 show that in this period he was investigated by the CIA.[8] Jorge Amado, 1972. National Archives of Brazil. On his return to Brazil in 1954, Amado abandoned active political life, leaving the Communist Party one year later. From that period on he dedicated himself solely to literature. His second creative phase began in 1958 with Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon, which was described by Jean-Paul Sartre as "the best example of a folk novel". Amado abandoned, in part, the realism and the social themes of his early works, producing a series of novels focusing mainly on feminine characters, devoted to a kind of smiling celebration of the traditions and the beauties of Bahia. In addition to Gabriela these novels included Tereza Batista: Home from the Wars and Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands. His depiction of the sexual customs of his land was scandalous to much of 1950s Brazilian society and for several years Amado could not even enter Ilhéus, where Gabriela was set, due to threats received for the alleged offence to the morality of the city's women. The Soviet Union kept publishing Amado's works shortly after their release in Portuguese.[9] On 6 April 1961, he was elected to the Brazilian Academy of Letters. On his death, his wife was elected to replace him. Amado made the Academy the setting for one of his novels, Pen, Sword, Camisole. He received the title of Doctor honoris causa from several universities in Brazil, Portugal, Italy, Israel and France, as well as other honours in almost every South American country, including Obá de Xangô (santoon) of the Candomblé, the traditional Afro-Brazilian religion of Bahia. He was finally removed from the French Government blacklist in 1965 following the intervention of the then Minister of Culture, André Malraux. In 1984 he was awarded the French Légion d’Honneur by President François Mitterrand.[7] The Jorge Amado Foundation in Salvador da Bahia His books have been translated into 49 languages in 55 countries, and adapted into films, theatrical works and TV programmes. They even inspired some samba schools of the Brazilian Carnival. In 1987, the House of Jorge Amado Foundation was created in Salvador. It promotes the protection of Amado's estate and the development of culture in Bahia. The recently renovated building on the Pelourinho in Salvador contains a small museum and wall panels with the covers of international editions of his books. Amado died on Monday, 6 August 2001, at 7:30 PM (22:30 GMT). His ashes were spread in the garden of his house four days later. On 4 December 2014 he received (posthumously) from the Legislative Assembly of Bahia appointment as Commander of Meritorious Citizen of the Freedom and Social Justice João Mangabeira (CBJM), due to his work in defence of social rights, the State's highest honour.[10][11] Works Selected works include: The Country of Carnival (O País do Carnaval, 1931) Cacau (1933) Sweat (Suor, 1934) Jubiabá (1935) Sea of Death (Mar Morto, 1936) Captains of the Sands (Capitães da Areia, 1937) The ABC of Castro Alves (ABC de Castro Alves, 1941) The Knight of Hope (Vida de Luis Carlos Prestes or O Cavaleiro da Esperança, 1942) The Violent Land (Terras do Sem Fim, 1943) The Golden Harvest (São Jorge dos Ilhéus, 1944) Bahia de Todos-os-santos (1945) Red Field (Seara Vermelha, 1946) The Bowels of Liberty trilogy (Os Subterrâneos da Liberdade, 1954) Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon (Gabriela, Cravo e Canela, 1958) The Double Death of Quincas Water-Bray (A Morte e a Morte de Quincas Berro D'agua, 1959) Home Is the Sailor (Os Velhos Marinheiros ou o Capitão de Longo Curso, 1961) Ogum's Compadre (O compadre de Ogum, 1964) Shepherds of the Night (Os Pastores da Noite, 1964) Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands (Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos, 1966) Tent of Miracles (Tenda dos Milagres, 1969) Tereza Batista: Home from the Wars (Teresa Batista Cansada da Guerra, 1972) The Swallow and the Tomcat: A Love Story (O Gato Malhado e a Andorinha Sinhá: uma história de amor, 1976) Tieta (Tieta do Agreste, 1977) Pen, Sword, Camisole (Farda Fardão Camisola de Dormir, 1979) Showdown (Tocaia Grande, 1984) The War of the Saints (O Sumiço da Santa, 1988) Coasting (Navegação de Cabotagem, 1992) The Discovery of America by the Turks (A Descoberta da América pelos Turcos, 1994) One of the greatest Brazilian authors and the most translated into other languages. Immortalized by classics such as “Gabriela, Cravo e Canela”, “Dona Flor and her Two Husbands” and “Tieta do Agreste”, Jorge Leal Amado de Faria was born on August 10, 1912, on the Auricídia farm, in Ferradas, district of Itabuna (BA). The eldest son of João Amado de Faria and Eulália Leal, Jorge had three brothers – Jofre, Joelson and James. When he was just one year old, his family moved to Ilhéus due to a smallpox epidemic. It was there that the boy spent his entire childhood and from where he drew inspiration for several of his future novels. At the age of 14, after directing and founding some periodicals, he began to participate effectively in the literary life of Salvador. He became one of the founders of the “Academia dos Rebeldes”, a group of young people who played an important role in the renewal of Bahian literature. In addition to Jorge Amado, Clóvis Amorim, João Cordeiro, Edison Carneiro and Walter da Silveira also took part. The members' work was published in the magazines “Meridiano” and “O Momento”, both founded by them. Watch video with scenes from pieces inspired by the author's work Sônia Braga as Gabriela (Photo: Disclosure) Sônia Braga as Gabriela (Photo: Disclosure) In 1927, Jorge Amado was a reporter for the newspaper “Diário da Bahia”. Two years later, he began working at “O Jornal”, where he published – under the pseudonym Y. Karl – the soap opera “Lenita”, written in partnership with Dias da Costa and Edison Carneiro. The following year, he moved to the southeast to study Law at the University of Rio de Janeiro. At this time, he met Vinicius de Moraes, Otávio de Faria and other important names in literature. At the age of 18, he released his first book, “O País do Carnaval”, published by publisher Augusto Frederico Schmidt. The novel was considered his true literary debut. In 1933, Ariel Editora published "Cacau", with a circulation of two thousand copies and the book was sold out within a month. In December of that year, Jorge married Matilde Garcia Rosa, in Sergipe. Together, the two released the children’s book “Discovery of the World”. Seeking a greater insertion in the field, Jorge starts working at Livraria José Olympio Editora. He started writing releases and then moved on to editorial. He was influenced by several titles, such as “O Conde e o Passarinho”, by Rubem Braga, and Latin American authors, such as the Uruguayan Enrique Amorim, the Ecuadorian Jorge Icaza, the Peruvian Ciro Alegría and the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos. See the photo gallery In 1935, he completed his university studies, but never practiced as a lawyer. In the same year, his daughter Eulália Dalila Amado was born, who died prematurely when she was just 14 years old. Jorge still writes in "A Manhã", the newspaper of the Aliança Nacional Libertadora, for which he covered President Getúlio Vargas' trip to Uruguay and Argentina. In 1936 he was arrested for the first time, for political reasons, accused of participating in the uprising that took place in November of the previous year in Natal — called the “Communist Intentona”. Film adaptation of 'Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands' (Photo: Disclosure) Film adaptation of 'Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands' (Photo: Disclosure) Over the next ten years, Jorge Amado wrote the novels "Jubiabá" (1935), "Mar Morto" (1936), "Capitães de Areia" (1937), "Terras do Sem-Fim" (1943) and "São Jorge dos Ilhéus " (1944). In 1944, at the request of Bibi Ferreira, she wrote the play "O Amor de Castro Alves", but the actress's theater company was disbanded before the production. In the same year, he ends his marriage with Matilde. In 1946, he met the writer Zélia Gattai, who would become the great love of his life. A year later, the couple's first child, João Jorge, was born. This was a very important period for the writer in the field of cinema: The production company Atlântida bought the rights to “Terras do Sem Fim”; Jorge wrote the dialogues for the film “The Horse Number 13”, by Fernando Barros; and was also in charge of the script and script for the film “Estrela da Manhã”, directed by Mário Peixoto. Betty Faria in 'Tieta do Agreste' (Photo: Disclosure) Betty Faria in 'Tieta do Agreste' (Photo: Disclosure) Partly due to exile under the Getulista regime, Jorge Amado traveled the world and lived in Argentina and Uruguay, and later in Paris and Prague. It was on this occasion that the writer became friends with Jean-Paul Sartre, Picasso and other exponents of world literature and art. In 1951, the book "The World of Peace" was published in Brazil, for which Jorge Amado would be prosecuted and brought under the security law. In the same year, his daughter Paloma was born in Prague. In 1952, the writer returned to live in Rio de Janeiro with his family. During these years, countless of his works were translated into different languages. Until in 1958, in the tranquility of Petrópolis, Jorge Amado writes "Gabriela, Cravo e Canela". The book, published in August, sold out 20 thousand copies in just two weeks; By the end of that year, more than 50,000 copies would be sold. The story collects awards, such as Machado de Assis, from the National Book Institute; Jabuti, from the Brazilian Book Chamber; and Luiza Cláudio de Souza, from Pen Club. Due to its success, the album "Canto de Amor à Bahia e Quatro Acalantos de Gabriela, Cravo e Canela" was also released, featuring readings by Jorge Amado and music by Dorival Caymmi. Unanimously, Jorge Amado was elected in 1961 to chair 23 of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, which previously belonged to Otávio Mangabeira. In the same year, the adaptation of "Gabriela" made by Antônio Bulhões de Carvalho premiered on TV Tupi, directed by Maurício Sherman. Metro Goldwin Mayer purchased the film adaptation rights to this story. With the money, Jorge Amado bought land in Rio Vermelho, on the outskirts of Salvador, to build the house that would also become famous. Adaptation of 'The Death and Death of Quincas Berro d'Água' for the cinema (Photo: Disclosure) Adaptation of 'The Death and Death of Quincas Berro d'Água' for the cinema (Photo: Disclosure) In the 1960s, he wrote “The death and death of Quincas Berro d'Água” (1961), “Dona Flor and her Two Husbands” (1966) and “Tenda dos Milagres” (1969), among others. In the 70s, success was due to television. In 1975, Walter George Durst's adaptation of the novel "Gabriela, Cravo e Canela" was aired on Rede Globo, directed by Walter Avancini. Actress Sônia Braga is the protagonist and Armando Bogus plays Nacib. In 1976, "Dona Flor and her Two Husbands" debuted in the cinema, a film directed by Bruno Barreto. Once again, actress Sônia Braga is the protagonist, who sees her love divided between José Wilker and Mauro Mendonça. After three months of showing, the film breaks box office records — ten million spectators. In 1979, Jorge Amado released the book “Tieta do Agreste”. Adaptation of the work 'Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands' for the theater (Photo: Disclosure) Adaptation of the work 'Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands' for the theater (Photo: Disclosure) In 1982, “Capitães de Areia” premiered on stage, featuring Ernesto Picollo and 22 other actors. Since that first season, the story has been adapted several times for the theater. In 1987, it was time for the show “O Gato Malhado e a Andorinha Sinhá” to be presented at Teatro Ipanema. The plot is based on the book of the same name by Jorge Amado, written in 1948 and published in 1976 at the request of his son. In 1989, the soap opera “Tieta” premiered on Rede Globo, with Betty Faria and Joana Fomm. Jorge Amado died in August 2001, victim of heart complications. At his request, his body was cremated and his ashes were spread around a hose at his home in Rio Vermelho. Today, the writer is still remembered for his remarkable stories. His characters became street names, named commercial establishments and were immortalized. The story of “Gabriela”, for example, received a remake currently shown on Rede Globo, which features Juliana Paes in the role of a woman whose dark skin is the color of carnations and smells of cinnamon. After surprising critics and the public with the novel O País do Carnaval, written when he was just 19 years old, Jorge Amado became one of the main representatives of northeastern romance and the Brazilian author with the largest number of books sold in the country and abroad. exterior. His works have been published in 52 countries and translated into 48 languages ​​and dialects. Born on Fazenda Auricídia, in Ferradas – now Itabuna (BA) –, he moved with his family to the cocoa region of Ilhéus when he was just one year old. At just 15 years old, already in Salvador, he began working as a police reporter for Diário da Bahia . He graduated in Law in Rio de Janeiro – a profession he ... - Veja mais em The Legislative Assembly granted yesterday, in a special session, the post-mortem title of Meritorious Citizen of Freedom and Social Justice João Mangabeira to the writer Jorge Amado. The honor, given to the honoree's son, João Jorge, and Jorge Amado Neto, was proposed by deputy Álvaro Gomes (PC do B). Álvaro Gomes said that honoring the writer “means dreaming and believing in dreams, it means keeping his ideals alive, his conviction that we can build a world where everyone can live with dignity”. He added that the author, who died 13 years ago, represents the world of solidarity “in contrast to the capitalist society that seeks to transform people into disposable objects”. INFLUENCE The parliamentarian recalled the influence of the literature of Jorge Amado, who was a member of the Communist Party of Brazil and lived in exile between 1941 and 44. “I used his work as an instrument of struggle and political formation for the construction of democracy and a society with peace and social justice”, he said, informing that the reading and debates around the trilogy The Underground of Freedom were resources adopted over months, together with possible companions, to detect those who could join the ranks of the Communist Party. The more humorous and sensual aspect, when the mixed population and religious syncretism gained prominence, was also highlighted by Álvaro in his speech, which gave a panoramic view of the life of the writer born in 1912, in the city of Itabuna. “In my opinion, the essence of Jorge Amado never changed,” he said, referring to literature and political activism, even after leaving the party in 1955. JUBIABÁ Present at the work table, singer Gerônimo sang Jubiabá, a song authored by him based on a book of the same name. “I had the pleasure of meeting Jorge Amado”, he said, remembering that the writer took his hand and said: “We are brothers, we only have one arrow, you know that”, referring to the orixá Oxotocanxoxô. Then, Gerônimo sang É d'Oxum. João Jorge occupied the podium to give the thank you speech. “My father always taught never to ask for tribute, but to receive and accept it.” For him, the Legislative Assembly's initiative is important because “it represents a lifetime of struggle for freedom and against oppression, for socialism, against capitalism”. He assessed that when he was young he dedicated himself to political discourse, but as he matured he switched to humorous discourse, “which is a much more powerful political weapon than speech”. SUFFERING João Jorge classified the period in which his father was deputy as one of great suffering. “It was a political fight, a party task that he had to fulfill, but which kept him away from literature.” Therefore, The Underground of Freedom only began to be written in exile, in France. The Communist Party of Brazil, according to the speaker, was very puritan - “perhaps reflecting the position of Prestes, who was very puritan” - and, therefore, a group of party leaders considered the book excessively licentious and proposed a series of cuts . “My father resisted the cuts, took the case to Prestes, who gave the final word” against censorship. Jorge Amado Neto considered that yesterday's session crowned the commendation offered, which greatly represents his grandfather's thoughts. Jorge Amado Grandfather, even if we die, it's better to die repeatedly by hand, fighting with the colonel, than to die on the ground, under the roof, without reacting. Even if it is to die, we must share these lands, take them for ourselves. Even if it's only one day that we have them, it pays the penalty of dying." (The Underground of Freedom - Agony of the Night) Son of João Amado de Faria and D. Eulália Leal, Jorge Amado de Faria was born on August 10, 1912, on the Auricídia farm, in Ferradas, district of Itabuna - Bahia. The couple had three more children: Jofre (1915), Joelson (1920) and James (1922). At just ten months old, he sees his father being injured in an ambush inside his own farm. The following year, a smallpox epidemic forced the family to leave the farm and settle in Ilhéus. In 1917 the family moved to Fazenda Taranga, in Itajuípe, where his father returned to working on the cocoa farm. In 1918, already literate by his mother, Jorge returned to Ilhéus and began attending the school of D. Guilhermina, a teacher who did not hesitate to use the paddle and impose other punishments on her students. In 1922 he created a small newspaper, " A Luneta ", which was distributed to neighbors and relatives. At that time he will study in Salvador, on a boarding school basis, at Colégio Antonio Vieira, run by Jesuit priests. The beautiful essay he presented to Father Luiz Gonzaga Cabral, entitled "O Mar", earned him praise and led the priest to lend him books by Portuguese authors and from other parts of the world. Two years later, his father will take him to school after the holidays. They say goodbye and Jorge , instead of entering it, runs away. He travels for two months until he reaches the house of his paternal grandfather, José Amado, in Itaporanga, Sergipe. At his father's request, his uncle Álvaro takes him back to the farm in Itajuípe. He is enrolled at Ginásio Ipiranga, again as an intern. He meets Adonias Filho and runs the school's guild newspaper, " A Pátria ". Shortly afterwards he founded " A Folha ", which was in opposition to the first. In 1927, he went to day school and went to live in a mansion in Pelourinho. He works as a police reporter at " Diário da Bahia ". Shortly afterwards he goes to the newspaper " O Imparcial ". A poem by him, " Poem ou prosa ", is published in the magazine " A Luva ". He meets the pai-de-santo Procópio, who will name him ogã (protector), the first of his many titles in Candomblé. The members of the Academia dos Rebeldes, a literary group that, in addition to Jorge , included Clóvis Amorim, Guilherme Dias Gomes, João Cordeiro, Alves Ribeiro, Edison Carneiro, Aydano do Couto, gathered around the experienced journalist and poet Pinheiro da Veiga. Ferraz, Emanuel Assemany, Sosígenes Costa and Walter da Silveira. The Academy was opposed to the Arco & Flexa group and preached, in the words of Jorge Amado , "a modern art without being modernist". The works of its members are published in the magazines " Meridiano " and " O Momento ", both founded by them. In 1929, he began working at “O Jornal” where he published, under the pseudonym Y. Karl, the novel " Lenita ", written in partnership with Dias da Costa and Edison Carneiro, who signed as Glauter Duval and Juan Pablo. The following year he moved to Rio de Janeiro to study. He knows Vinicius de Moraes, Otávio de Faria and other important names in literature. " Lenita " is published as a book by A. Coelho Branco Filho, from Rio de Janeiro. Approved, among the first placed, at the Faculty of Law of the University of Rio de Janeiro, in 1931, Jorge saw his first novel published by Editora Schmidt, " The country of carnival ", with a preface by Augusto Frederico Schmidt and a circulation of a thousand copies. The book receives praise from critics and becomes a public success. In 1932, he moved to an apartment in Ipanema with the poet Raul Bopp. He met José Américo de Almeida, Amando Fontes, Rachel de Queiroz (through whom he became close to the communists) and Gilberto Freyre. The second edition of " O País do Carnaval " is out, this time with a circulation of two thousand copies. Advised by Otávio de Faria and Gastão Cruls, he gave up publishing the novel " Rui Barbosa nº. 2 "; For them, the book was nothing more than a copy of " The Country of Carnival ". He travels to Pirangi, in Bahia; Impressed by the life of workers in the region, he begins to write " Cacau ". Ariel Editora, from Rio, in 1933, published " Cacau ", with a circulation of two thousand copies and cover and illustrations by Santa Rosa. The book is sold out in a month; the second edition comes out with three thousand copies. Between the first and second editions of Cacau, Jorge has access, through José Américo de Almeida, to the originals of " Caetés ", a novel by Graciliano Ramos. Excited by the talent of the writer from Alagoas, he travels to Maceió just to meet him, beginning a friendship that would last until Graciliano's death. He also met José Lins do Rego, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda and Jorge de Lima. He becomes editor-in-chief of the magazine " Rio Magazine ". He marries in December, in Estância, Sergipe, to Matilde Garcia Rosa. Together, they launch, through Schmidt, the children's book Descupira do mundo. In 1934, he published — also through Ariel — the novel " Suor ". He works at Livraria José Olympio Editora, in Rio de Janeiro, first writing releases and then in the editorial part itself; having influenced the publication of " The Count and the Little Bird ", Rubem Braga's first book, and the launch of Latin American authors such as the Uruguayan Enrique Amorim, the Ecuadorian Jorge Icaza, the Peruvian Ciro Alegría and the Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos (whose translated the novel " Dona Bárbara "). His daughter Eulália Dalila Amado was born in 1935. She writes in " A Manhã ", the newspaper of the Aliança Nacional Libertadora, for which she covers President Getúlio Vargas' trip to Uruguay and Argentina. " Cacau " is published by Editorial Claridad, from Buenos Aires. That same year " Cocoa " and " Sweat " would be released in Moscow. He completed his law degree. He releases " Jubiabá " through José Olympio Editora. He suffered his first arrest in 1936, for political reasons: accused of participating in the uprising that took place in November of the previous year in Natal — called "Intentona Comunista" — he was detained in Rio. He published “ Mar Morto ”, which received the Graça Aranha Prize, from the Brazilian Academy of Letters. The following year he played a fisherman in the film “Itapuã”, by Ruy Santos, in which he also contributed to the script. He travels through Latin America and then goes to the United States. While he is away, he hangs out in Brazil “ Capitães da sand ”. When he arrives in Belém, coming from abroad, he is warned by the Pará writer Dalcídio Jurandir of Vargas' coup. He flees to Manaus, but is arrested there. His books, considered subversive, were burned in the middle of Salvador by order of the Sixth Military Region. According to military records, 1,694 copies of " O País do Carnaval ", " Cacau ", " Suor ", " Jubiabá ", " Dead Sea " and " Capitães da Sand " were burned. Released in 1938, the writer was sent to Rio. He moved to São Paulo, where he lived with Rubem Braga. Then he goes to Bahia and then Sergipe; Here he prints a small edition of the book of poems “ A Estrada do Mar ”, which he distributes to his friends. It debuts in two renowned Western literary languages: " Suor " is released in English by the small New America, in New York, and " Jubiabá " in French by the prestigious Gallimard. He returned to Rio in 1939. He carried out intense political activity, as a result of the torture of prisoners and the dismantling of the Communist Party. He becomes editor-in-chief of the magazines Dom Casmurro and Diretrizes . He begins collaboration with the magazine Vamos ler ; which he would maintain until 1941. He composes, with Dorival Caymmi and Carlos Lacerda, the serenade " Beijos pela noite ". The French-Algerian writer Albert Camus, future Nobel Prize winner for Literature (1957), writes an article in the newspaper Alger Républicain classifying " Jubiabá " as "magnificent and astonishing". Diretrizes publishes the first chapter of " ABC de Castro Alves ", in 1940, and also publishes, in serial form, the soap opera " Brandão entre o mar e o amor ", started by Jorge Amado and continued by José Lins do Rego, Graciliano Ramos, Aníbal Machado and Rachel de Queiroz. He works at the newspaper Meio-Dia . In 1941, he decided to write a book about Luís Carlos Prestes, thinking about a possible campaign for his amnesty. He travels to Uruguay to collect material; he also does research on the topic in Argentina. He launches " ABC de Castro Alves ", by Livraria Martins Editora, in São Paulo. He publishes "A vida de Luís Carlos Prestes" in Buenos Aires in 1942. Although published in Spanish, the book is sold clandestinely in Brazil. He returns to the country, but is arrested upon landing in Porto Alegre. From there he is sent to Rio. However, he does not remain in the then federal capital: the police decide to send him to Salvador, where he is confined. 1943 marks his return to the pages of O Imparcial , writing the section " Time of war " and writing short stories in the column " Jose, o ingénuo ", which he alternates with the Bahian journalist and writer Wilson Lins. " Lands of Endless " comes out, his first book to be sold freely after six years of censorship. In 1944, at the request of Bibi Ferreira, she wrote the play " O amor de Castro Alves ", but the actress's theater company was disbanded before the production. She releases " São Jorge dos Ilhéus ". She leaves Matilde. In January 1945, he participated, as head of the Bahian delegation, in the 1st Writers' Congress, in São Paulo. The meeting ends with a demonstration against the Estado Novo. Jorge is arrested for a brief period together with Caio Prado Jr. The Barão de Itararé introduces the novelist to Zélia Gattai at Boate Bambu, during a dinner in honor of the participants of the Writers' Congress. He starts to live in São Paulo, where he heads the editorial office of the newspaper Hoje , owned by the Brazilian Communist Party. He also writes for Folha da Manhã. He became secretary of the Brazil-USSR Cultural Institute, whose director was Monteiro Lobato. " A vida de Luís Carlos Prestes " comes out in Brazil , renamed " The Knight of Hope ". In July, he starts living with Zélia. In the same month he participated, alongside the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda (who in 1971 would win the Nobel Prize for Literature), in the Luís Carlos Prestes rally at the Pacaembu Stadium, in São Paulo. He releases " Bahia de Todos os Santos ". He is elected, with 15,315 votes, federal deputy for the PCB. He publishes the short story " History of Carnival " in the magazine O Cruzeiro . " Lands of Endless " is published by the respected publisher A. Knopf, in New York. The following year he assumed his mandate in the Constituent Assembly and began residing in Rio de Janeiro. Several of his amendments, such as the one on freedom of religious worship and the one on copyright, were approved. He releases " Seara Vermelha ", by Martins and, by Edições Horizonte, from Rio de Janeiro, " Men and Things of the Communist Party ". Enthusiastic about reading " Jubiabá ", French photographer and ethnologist Pierre Verger arrived in Bahia, who ended up settling in Salvador and becoming one of Jorge Amado 's closest friends . Published, in 1947, by Editora do Povo, in Rio de Janeiro, " O amor de Castro Alves ". It's a year of several events in the cinema area for the writer: Atlântida buys the rights to " Terras do sem fim "; He wrote the dialogues for the film " The Horse Number 13 ", a production by Fernando de Barros and also the screenplay for " Star of the Morning ", which would be directed by Mário Peixoto, also in charge of the script (the film ended up being made, but not by Peixoto). Son João Jorge is born in Rio de Janeiro. With the cancellation, in January 1948, of the registration of the Communist Party, Jorge Amado 's mandate was revoked. Without a seat in the Federal Chamber and with his books considered "subversive material", the writer, in January, left alone in voluntary exile for Paris. In February, his home in Rio was invaded by federal agents, who seized books, photos and documents. Soon after the episode, Zélia and her son leave for Genoa, Italy, where Jorge picks them up, taking them to live with him in Paris. It was on this occasion that the writer became friends with Jean-Paul Sartre, Picasso and other exponents of world literature and art. In Poland, he participates in the World Congress of Writers and Artists for Peace. With the title " Violent Lands ", the adaptation of Atlantis of the novel " Terras do semfim " premieres in Rio. To celebrate his son's first birthday, he writes the story " The Spotted Cat and the Swallow Sinhá ". He travels through Europe and the Soviet Union. In 1949, on his way to Czechoslovakia, where he would participate in a writers' conference, he suffered a plane crash in the city of Frankfurt, Germany; he escapes unharmed. He dies in Rio, "suddenly", as the writer tells it, his daughter Eulália. For political reasons, in 1950, the French government expelled Jorge Amado and his family from the country. The writer, Zélia and João Jorge take up residence in Dobris, Czechoslovakia, in the castle of the Writers' Union. He made political trips through Central Europe and the Soviet Union. He writes " The World of Peace ", a book about socialist countries. The following year he wrote the tripartite novel " Os subterranes da Liberdade " ( The harsh times, Agony of the night and The light in the tunnel ). The book " The World of Peace " was released in Brazil by Editorial Vitória, in Rio, for which Jorge Amado would be prosecuted and brought under the security law. His daughter Paloma is born in Prague. In Moscow, he received the International Stalin Prize. He goes to China and Mongolia, in 1952. He returns to Brazil with his family, taking up residence in his father's apartment, in Rio de Janeiro. He responds to the lawsuit for " The World of Peace ". The judge responsible for the case closes the case, saying that the book "is sectarian and not subversive". With the approval, in the United States, of the anti-communist law, the writer is prohibited from entering that country; His books are also banned there. He travels to Europe, Argentina and Chile, in 1953. On the last stage of the tour, he is informed about Graciliano Ramos' illness. He returns to Brazil to see his friend, who would later die. Jorge Amado then gives his farewell speech at the graveside of Graciliano, whom he replaces as president of the Brazilian Writers Association. He directs the collection " Romances of the people ", by Editorial Vitória; he will end up doing this work until 1956. The fifth edition of " The World of Peace " is out; the writer prohibits reprints of the work, believing that the book "brought an outdated vision of the reality of socialist countries". The novel " The Undergrounds of Liberty " was released in three volumes, in 1954. The trilogy provoked a harsh reaction from Brazilian Trotskyists, generating controversy with the journalist Hermínio Sacchetta (the "Abelardo Saquilá" of the novel). A six-page leaflet signed by Jorge Amado and Pablo Neruda was released in Portugal, by Editorial Avante, whose objective was to contribute to the release of communist leader Álvaro Cunhal and take a stand against Salazarism. From January to March 1955, he remained in Vienna. In December she takes a quick trip to Bahia. The score for " Não te digo adeus " was released by the Brazilian Ricordi in 1956, with lyrics by Jorge Amado and music by the Amazonian musician and conductor Cláudio Santoro. In Rio, he takes over as editor-in-chief of the fortnightly Para-todos , alongside his brother James, Oscar Niemeyer and Moacir Werneck de Castro, among others. He left the Communist Party, as he explains, "because he wanted to write again." Jorge Amado says that he knew since 1954 about Stalin's atrocities, publicly denounced this year at the 20th Congress of the CPSU. “But in reality I stopped being politically active because this engagement was preventing me from being a writer,” he says. Travels to the East alongside Zélia, Pablo and Matilde Neruda, in 1957. " Lands of Endless " is released in comics. Carlo Ponti, Italian filmmaker, buys the rights to " Dead Sea "; but the film was never made. He met the holy mother Menininha do Gantois, to whom he would remain attached until her death, which occurred in August 1986. In the tranquility of Petrópolis, in 1958, he wrote " Gabriela, carnation and cinnamon ". The book, published in August, sells out 20 thousand copies in just two weeks; by December it would sell more than 50 thousand copies. The album " Canto de amor à Bahia e Quatro acalantos de Gabriela, harpsichord and cinnamon " is released, featuring readings by Jorge Amado and music by Dorival Caymmi. The following year, " Gabriela " collected awards: Machado de Assis, from the National Book Institute; Jabuti, from the Brazilian Book Chamber and Luiza Cláudio de Souza, from Pen Club, are some of them. The novel has sold more than 100,000 copies. In Salvador, he receives, from Axé Opô Afonjá, one of the highest titles in Candomblé, obá orolu (composer Dorival Caymmi and artist Carybé also received this distinction). "Obá, in the primitive sense, is one of the twelve ministers of Xangô", explains Jorge Amado . He founded the Ilhéus Academy of Letters. Launches in the magazine Senhor , in Rio de Janeiro, the soap opera " A morte e a morte de Quincas Berro Dágua "; The initial idea was that this text, 98 typed pages and written in two days, would form part of the novel " The Shepherds of the Night ". In that same publication, the short story " De como o mulato Porciúncula unloaded his deceased " would appear. As vice-president of the Brazilian Union of Writers, Jorge Amado promoted, with then-president Peregrino Jr., the Brazilian Writer's Festival in a shopping center in Copacabana, in 1960. The date of the event, July 25; it would end up being consecrated, by government decree, as "Writer's Day". It guides the couple Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir during their stay in Brazil. Unanimously, he was elected, on April 6, 1961, in the first ballot, to chair 23 of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, which belonged to Otávio Mangabeira. In the same month, the adaptation of " Gabriela " made by Antônio Bulhões de Carvalho and directed by Maurício Sherman premiered on TV Tupi in Rio de Janeiro ; In the title role of the soap opera is Janete Vollu de Carvalho and in Nacib's role, Renato Consorte. Metro Goldwin Mayer buys the film adaptation rights to " Gabriela ". With the money, Jorge purchases land in Rio Vermelho, then on the outskirts of Salvador, and begins to build a house there. Years later, the writer would repurchase the rights to the novel from the American studio. He assures that he no longer remembers any of the values ​​negotiated with Metro. The ABL inauguration takes place on July 17th; there Jorge Amado is welcomed by Raimundo Magalhães Jr. I came out with " The old sailors ", a book that includes the novels " The death and death of Quincas Berro Dáguá " and " The complete truth about the discussed adventures of the commander Vasco Moscoso de Aragão, captain long haul ." He is elected member of the Presidency Council of the Pen Club do Brasil. President Juscelino Kubitschek invites him to be Brazil's ambassador to the United Arab Republic; the writer refuses the invitation. Tributes in Rio, Bahia and other states for his 30 years of literary activity; its publisher, Martins, launches a book commemorating the date. The French magazine Les Temps Modernes publishes the translation of " The death and death of Quincas Berro Dágua ". His father dies in Rio de Janeiro, at the age of 81, in 1962. He creates Proa Filmes, a film company whose first and only work is the adaptation of " Seara Vermelha ", directed by Alberto D'Avessa and starring Marilda Alves; the film would premiere the following year. The detective novel " O Mistério dos MMM ", written by Jorge Amado, Viriato Corrêa, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lúcio Cardoso, Herberto Sales, José Condé, Guimarães Rosa, Antonio Callado, Orígenes Lessa and Rachel de Queiroz. Trip to Havana, at the invitation of the Union of Cuban Writers. " The Knight of Hope " was apprehended by the police in 1963. He settled in a house in the Rio Vermelho neighborhood (at Rua Alagoinhas, 33), where he lived until his death. He released " The Shepherds of the Night " in 1964. The following year he published the short story " The Deaths and Triumph of Rosalinda " in the anthology " The Ten Commandments ", published by Civilização Brasileira, in Rio de Janeiro. Thanks to the intervention of Guilherme Figueiredo, then Brazilian cultural attaché in France, Jorge Amado and his family received authorization to enter that country again. Warner Brothers acquires the film rights to " The complete truth about the discussed adventures of Commander Vasco Moscoso de Aragão, long-haul captain ". More than a thousand people attended Jorge Amado 's first autograph session in Portugal, in 1966, at the National Society of Fine Arts. The writer reaches a thousand autographs at the launch of " Dona Flor and her two husbands " at the Civilização Brasileira bookstore, in Salvador. The novel comes out with a circulation of 75 thousand copies. A second autograph session is scheduled in the capital of Bahia to serve readers who missed out on the first. Jorge Amado by Carlos Scliar, artist from Rio Grande do Sul, 1947. The Brazilian Union of Writers, chaired by Peregrino Jr., presents Jorge Amado 's formal candidacy for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1967 in Stockholm, although the writer refuses. For two and a half hours, Jorge testifies to the archive of the Museum of Image and Sound, in the presence of James Amado, critic Eduardo Portella and novelist Antonio Olinto, among others. The UBE insists on presenting Jorge Amado 's candidacy for the Nobel Prize in 1968 again. The writer agrees, but demands that it be done together with that of the Portuguese novelist Ferreira de Castro, his friend. Polish filmmaker Roman Polanski visits the writer in Bahia to "thank him for the joy his books gave me in my youth." The following year he released " Tent of miracles " (circulation of 75 thousand copies), a book he began writing in the country house of the Bahian painter Genaro de Carvalho. Jorge said this was his best novel. In São Paulo, he received the Juca Pato Award - 1970, from the Brazilian Union of Writers, as "Intellectual of the Year". He leads, alongside Gaucho writer Érico Veríssimo, a movement against prior censorship of books. The film " Captains of the Sand ", an American production directed by Hall Bartlett, premieres. His first grandson, Bruno, son of João Jorge and Maria da Luz Celestino, was born in Salvador, in 1971. He shares with Ferreira de Castro the Gulbenkian Prize for Fiction, awarded at the Academia do Mundo Latino, in Paris. He lectures at the Institute of Letters at the University of Pennsylvania. Her mother dies in Salvador, at the age of 88, in 1972. Mariana, the first granddaughter, is born, daughter of Paloma and Pedro Costa. " Tereza Batista tired of war " comes out. The Lins Imperial samba school, from São Paulo, presents the song " Bahia de Jorge Amado ". On a trip to Europe, he met Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez, future Nobel Prize winner for Literature (1982), in Barcelona. Maria João, daughter of João Jorge and Maria da Luz, was born in 1973. Fernando Sabino directs a documentary about Jorge Amado , " Na casa do Rio Vermelho ". The Hotel Pelourinho was opened in Salvador, with a plaque recording the time when the writer lived there, in 1974. Martins, which had filed for bankruptcy the previous year, began releasing books by Jorge Amado in co-edition with Record, from Rio de Janeiro, in 1975. Marcel Camus took the novel " Os Pastores da Noite ", which is shown in France under the title " Otalia da Bahia ". This is also the year of the debut of the writer's biggest hit on TV: Walter George Durst's adaptation of the novel " Gabriela, Cravo e Canela ", aired by Rede Globo, directed by Walter Avancini, Sônia Braga in the title role and Armando Bogus playing Nacib. With the closure of Livraria Martins Editora, in 1976, Jorge became the exclusive author of Record. Granddaughter Cecília is born, daughter of Paloma and Pedro Costa. Film premiere " Dona Flor and her two husbands ", by Bruno Barreto, with Sônia Braga, José Wilker and Mauro Mendonça. After three months of showing, the film broke a box office record — ten million spectators. In Bahia, he begins to write " Tieta do Agreste ". Participates in the Frankfurt International Book Fair; which this year is dedicated to Latin American literature. At the request of his son João Jorge and his friend Carybé, who does the illustrations, he publishes " O cat Malhado e a andorinha Sinhá ". The following year, surrounded by an intense advertising campaign, the novel " Tieta do Agreste ", which Jorge Amado had completed in London, was launched in Rio. Also in Rio, the author participates in the inauguration of Rua Tieta do Agreste, located in Recreio dos Bandeirantes, south zone of the city. He receives the title of meritorious member of the afoxé Filhos de Gandhi. Premiere of " Tent of Miracles ", a film by Nelson Pereira dos Santos. He plays one of Christ's apostles in the " Last Supper " scene from the film The Age of the Earth , by Glauber Rocha. The house where the writer lived in Ferradas is listed by Itabuna City Hall. He recorded in Rio, for the United States Library of Congress, excerpts from his novels " Os Pastores da Noite " and " Tereza Batista tired of war ". In 1978, Glauber Rocha made a documentary covering the work of Jorge Amado . The writer formalizes, on May 13th, his union with Zélia Gattai; The ceremony takes place at the house of painter Calasans Neto, in Itapuã. " Farda fardão camisola de sleep " came out in 1979. The musical Saravá , by Richard Nash and Mitch Leigh, based on " Dona Flor and her two husbands " premiered on Broadway . She writes, commissioned by a bank, for a special year-end edition, the short story " Of the recent miracle of birds that happened in the lands of Alagoas, on the banks of the São Francisco River ". Releases on record, through Som Livre, a version of the book " Bahia de Todos os Santos ". João Jorge Filho was born in 1980, another grandson given to him by João Jorge and Maria da Luz. Vogue Brasil magazine dedicates an issue to Jorge Amado , who wrote the text " O Meno Grapiúna ", where he recounts reminiscences of the time when lived in the cocoa region. Hence the idea of ​​" Tocaia Grande ", which would talk about the birth and development of a city in that area. He receives the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the Federal University of Bahia. He is decorated as Grand Officer of the Order of Santiago da Espada by Portuguese President Ramalho Eanes. He participates, as a special guest, in the program L'apostrophe , on French television, led by Bernard Pivot. " The grapiúna boy " was released in a non-commercial edition in 1981. The French newspaper Le Matin published the story " Of the recent bird miracle that happened in the lands of Alagoas, on the banks of the São Francisco River ". " Terras do sem fim " premieres on TV Globo (adaptation by Walter George Durst and directed by Herval Rossano); on the soundtrack, Jorge Amado writes, with Dorival Caymmi, the song Cantiga de blind . On the centenary of Ilhéus, the writer is honored with a plaque and a bronze sculpture on a street that bears his name; another street is named after his father. He is interviewed in Salvador by Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa, who at the time presented a program on Sunday nights on TV in his country. The author became a street name in Itapuã, in 1982. He is honored in the Salvador carnival by the Dengo da Bahia block, which presents the plot Bahia by Jorge Amado . He begins to write "Bóris, o Vermelho", which, for different reasons, would be interrupted several times and ended up not being finished. The first time he postponed writing " Bóris", he said it was "because the idea wasn't quite mature". Jorge Amado starts " Tocaia Grande ". Caixa Econômica Federal releases six million lottery tickets with the writer's effigy on them. Zélia Gattai publishes A hat for travel , where she tells how she met Jorge . The commercial edition of " O Menor Grapiúna " is out. Jorge Amado Neto was born, son of João Jorge with his second wife, Rízia Vaz Coutrim, in 1983. A bust of the writer was inaugurated in Ferradas. The film " Gabriela " premieres , a BrasilItália co-production directed by Bruno Barreto with Sônia Braga in the title role and Italian actor Marcello Mastroianni playing Nacib. In 1984, he published " Tocaia Grande " (with an announced initial circulation of 150 thousand copies). He tries to resume " Bóris, the red ", but leaves it aside to write " The war of the saints ", the original title of the novel that would be called " The disappearance of the saint ". French President François Mitterrand awards him the Legion of Honor. He releases "The ball and the goalkeeper", a children's story. He begins to articulate the creation of the Casa de Jorge Amado Foundation. Zélia publishes Senhora dona do baile , where she talks about the writer's first exile. He takes office at the Academia de Letras da Bahia (chair 21), in 1985. He receives the title of Grand Master of the Order of Rio Branco, in the rank of Grand Officer, offered by the Brazilian government. He participates in the Cannes Film Festival. He is honored by the Center Georges Pompidou, in Paris, where a debate is held on his work. The miniseries " Tent of Miracles " premieres on Rede Globo (adaptation by Aguinaldo Silva and Regina Braga and directed by Paulo Afonso Grisolli, Maurício Farias and Ignácio Coqueiro; in the role of Pedro Archanjo, Nelson Xavier). In 1986, at the age of 73, his ex-wife Matilde Mendonça Garcia Rosa died. He participates, as president of the jury, in the VIII International Festival of New Latin American Cinema, in Cuba; On that occasion, he is honored by Fidel Castro. Decree signed by President José Sarney on July 2, Zélia Gattai's birthday, creates the Casa de Jorge Amado Foundation. Launches, by Berlendis & Vertecchia, from São Paulo, " O devil Carybé ", about the Argentine artist, born Hector Julio Páride Bernabó, a friend of his since the 50s, when he settled in Bahia. The Casa de Jorge Amado Foundation was inaugurated on March 7, 1987, which began to develop intense work to preserve and disseminate the writer's work. Germano Tabacof is the president of the entity and Myriam Fraga is on the executive board. The symbol of the House is an exu designed by Carybé, which had already appeared in editions of Jorge Amado's books. According to the writer, exu is one of the most important gods in fetishist religions; If they admitted the existence of the devil, he would be the devil. According to the mothers-of-santo, "exu is a mischievous deity, a child, who loves to play pranks and, above all, does not tolerate censorship." He receives the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from Lumière University, in the French city of Lyon. Launch of Exu magazine, from Fundação Casa de Jorge Amado; The debut issue features a bibliography of the writer and a text by him entitled " O burial do Yalorixá ". Zélia launches the book Reportagem incomplete , which brings together photos she took of Jorge Amado . The writer receives the title of honorary member of the Pen Club do Brasil. The film " Jubiabá " was released, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos. Zélia Gattai publishes, in 1988, Jardim de Inverno , where she talks about exile in Czechoslovakia in the company of Jorge Amado . The Bahia Symphony Orchestra, conducted by maestro Carlos Veiga, presents a piece by São Paulo composer Francisco Mignone inspired by " A morte e a morte de Quincas Berro Dágua ". Publishes " The disappearance of the saint ". She receives the Pablo Picasso Prize from UNESCO in Brasilia during the International Symposium of Writers from Latin America and the Caribbean. Inauguration, in Ilhéus, of the Casa de Cultura Jorge Amado. The samba school Império Serrano, from Rio de Janeiro, presents the plot " Jorge Amado - Axé, Brazil ", in 1989. It receives the Pablo Neruda Prize, from the Association of Soviet Writers. The soap opera " Tieta " premieres on Rede Globo , adapted by Aguinaldo Silva, Ana Maria Moretzsohn and Ricardo Linhares and directed by Paulo Ubiratan, Reynaldo Boury and Luiz Fernando Carvalho; in the title role, Bety Faria. Jorge Amado is interviewed on writer Georges Simenon's program on TF1 (France). He writes a text in favor of the candidacy for President of the Republic, by the Brazilian Communist Party, of federal deputy Roberto Freire (PE). The miniseries " Capitães da sand " premieres on TV Bandeirantes , adapted by José Louzeiro and Antonio Carlos Fontoura and directed by Walter Lima Jr. In 1990, he participated, as a representative of Brazil, in the international commission that will advise on the reconstruction project of the ancient library in Alexandria, Egypt. The Pernambuco DOPS (Department of Political and Social Order) archive was opened in Recife, in which record number 6,172 deals with the political activities of Jorge Amado . He receives the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Israel and the Dagli Studi University of Bari, Italy. In Italy he received the Cino del Duca awards, awarded by a jury chaired by the writer Maurice Druon, secretary general of the French Academy. The Free University of Berlin is holding the seminar "Popular culture in the work of Jorge Amado". Parallel to " Bóris, the red ", he wrote " Navegação de cabotagem ", a memoiristic report, in 1991. He received the playwright and novelist Dias Gomes at the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He writes, under commission, for an Italian company, the story " The Discovery of America by the Turks ", which should be included in a book alongside texts by the American Norman Mailer and the Mexican Carlos Fuentes. He presides over the 14th Cultural Festival of Asylah, Morocco, whose theme is "Mestiçagem, the example of Brazil". Participates in the World Arts Forum in Venice, Italy. The miniseries " Tereza Batista " premiered on Rede Globo in 1992 (adapted by Vicente Sesso, directed by Paulo Afonso Grisolli and Patrícia França in the title role). Publishes " Cabotage navigation ". A series of events celebrates the writer's 80th birthday. The main tributes, naturally, are concentrated in Salvador: shows at Pelourinho, debates, exhibitions. To celebrate the date, the Casa de Jorge Amado Foundation publishes the book " Jorge Amado: 80 years of life and work ", organized by Maried Carneiro and Rosane Canelas Rubim. Paloma Amado and Pedro Costa begin a complete review of the writer's work, in order to eliminate errors accumulated throughout the successive reissues of his books. He is honored at the Center Georges Pompidou with the exhibition Jorge Amado, écrivain de Bahia ; in the same place he participates in the seminar "Reunion of two worlds", held to celebrate the fourth centenary of the discovery of America. In 1994, he published in Brazil, " The discovery of America by the Turks " (the book project with Mailer and Fuentes had not come to fruition, but Jorge Amado 's text had already been published in 1992 in France). " Gabriela, carnation and cinnamon " inaugurates the series of revised re-releases of the writer's work. He received the Camões Prize from the Brazilian and Portuguese governments in 1995. He began writing a novel provisionally titled " The universal apostasy of Água Brusca ", which focuses on the struggle for power between the church and the colonels of the Bahian backlands. He receives the title of Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Padua, Italy; also in Italy he is awarded the Vitaliano Brancatti Prize. João Moreira Salles directs the documentary " Jorge Amado ". In May 1996, the writer suffered pulmonary edema in Paris. After ten days in hospital, he is discharged and travels to Salvador, where in July he celebrates Zélia's 80th birthday with friends. " Tieta do Agreste " premieres , a film by Cacá Diegues, who also wrote the script, alongside João Ubaldo Ribeiro and Antonio Calmon. In the title role, Sônia Braga. In October, he underwent angioplasty. The operation attracts attention from the entire country and is a complete success. Upon leaving the hospital, the writer announces that he will "soon" resume his literary projects. The novel " Tieta do Agreste " is chosen as the theme for Salvador's carnival, in 1997. On the Sunday of revelry, the group "Amigos do Amado Jorge", led by singer and composer Caetano Veloso, parades in honor of the novelist, who attends the party alongside Zélia Gattai in the box on the Praça do Campo Grande catwalk. The publisher Record launches " Milagre dos Pássaros ", a book with a short story that has yet to be published in Brazil. At the Paris Book Salon in 1998, he was one of the main attractions and received the title of Doctor Honoris Causa at the Sorbonne. The mini-series " Dona Flor and her two husbands ", an adaptation by Dias Gomes of the novel of the same name, premieres on Rede Globo . In May 1999, he was hospitalized for routine examinations and to treat digestive discomfort. In June, the Fundação Casa de Jorge Amado launches the book " Rua Alagoinhas 33, Rio Vermelho", about the house in which the author lived and his daily life. Increasingly reclusive, due to his health problems, he celebrated his 88th birthday in August 2000, with few friends and family. He was depressed because he was almost unable to see, on a strict diet, depriving himself of what he loved: writing, reading a good book and eating a good meal. On June 21, 2001, Jorge Amado was hospitalized with a hyperglycemia crisis and suffered cardiac fibrillation. After a few days, he returned to his home, however, on August 6th he felt unwell again and passed away in the city of Salvador at 7:30 pm. At his request, his body was cremated and his ashes were spread around a hose at his residence in Rio Vermelho. Read the beautiful chronicle written by João Ubaldo Ribeiro , " Jorge Amado and I ", where he tells us about the pain of losing his great friend and supporter. Bibliography Individual Novels: - O País do Carnaval , 1931 - Cacau , 1933 - Suor , 1934 - Jubiabá , 1935 - Mar Morto , 1936 - Capitães da Areia , 1936 - Terras do Sem Fim , 1943 - São Jorge dos Ilhéus , 1944 - Seara Vermelha , 1946 - The Underground of Freedom (3v), 1954 (v. 1: The Rough Times; v. 2: Agony of the Night; v. 3: The Light in the Tunnel) - Gabriela, Cravo and Canela: chronicle of a city in the interior, 1958 - Os Pastores da Noite , 1964 - Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands : esoteric and moving story lived by Dona Flor, emeritus professor of Culinary Art, and her two husbands — the first, Vadinho by nickname; named Teodoro Madureira and pharmacist the second or The astonishing battle between spirit and matter, 1966 - Tent of Miracles , 1969 - Teresa Batista Tired of War , 1972 - Tieta do Agreste: goat herder or The return of the prodigal daughter, melodramatic serial in five sensational episodes and moving epilogue: emotion and suspense!, 1977 - Farda Fardão Camisola de Dormir: fable to spark hope, 1979 - Tocaia Grande: the dark face, 1984 - O Disappearance of the Saint: a story of sorcery , 1988 - The Discovery of America by the Turks or How the Arab Jamil Bichara, explorer of forests, visited the city of Itabuna, to provide food for his body, there he was offered fortune and marriage or The espousals of Adma, 1994 - O Compadre de Ogum , 1995 Soap operas - The Death and Death of Quincas Berro Dágua , 1959 - The Death and Death of Quincas Berro Dágua (published together with Os Velhos Marinheiros or The complete truth about the discussed adventures of Commander Vasco Moscoso de Aragão, long-haul captain, in The Old Sailors, 1961 - The Old Sailors or The complete truth about the discussed adventures of Commander Vasco Moscoso de Aragão, long-haul captain, 1976 Children's Literature: - The Malhado Cat and the Swallow Sinhá: a love story , 1976 - The Ball and the Goalkeeper , 1984 - The Capeta Carybé , 1986 Poetry: - A Estrada do Mar , 1938 Theater: - O Amor do Soldado , 1947 (still with the title O Amor de Castro Alves), 1958 Short stories: - Sentimentalism , 1931 - The woman's man and the man's woman , 1931 - History of carnival , 1945 - The deaths and the triumph of Rosalinda , 1965 - The recent miracle of the birds that happened in the lands of Alagoas, on the banks of the river São Francisco , 1979 - The Siroca episode , 1982 - How the mulatto Porciúncula unloaded his deceased , 1989 Autobiographical stories: - The grapiúna boy , 1981 - Coastal navigation: notes for a book of memories that I will never write , 1992 Autobiographical texts: - ABC de Castro Alves , 1941 - The Knight of Hope , 1945 Guide/Travel: - Bahia de Todos os Santos : guide to streets and mysteries, 1945 - The world of peace (travel), 1951 - Bahia Boa Terra Bahia , 1967 - Bahia , 1970 - Terra Mágica da Bahia , 1984. Political document/Oratory: - Men and things of the Communist Party , 1946 - Speeches , 1993 Translated book: - Dona Bárbara (Doña Barbara), novel by Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos, 1934 In partnership: - Lenita (soap opera), with Edison Carneiro and Dias da Costa, 1929 - Discovery of the world (children's literature), with Matilde Garcia Rosa, 1933 - Brandão entre o mar e o amor , with José Lins do Rego, Graciliano Ramos , Aníbal Machado and Rachel de Queiroz, 1942 - The mystery of MMM , with Viriato Corrêa, Dinah Silveira de Queiroz, Lúcio Cardoso, Herberto Sales, Rachel de Queiroz, José Condé, Guimarães Rosa, Antônio Callado and Orígines Lessa, 1962 Publications abroad: According to the Casa de Jorge Amado Foundation, there are official records of translations of the writer's works into the following languages: Azerbaijan, Albanian, German, Arabic, Armenian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Korean, Croatian, Danish, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, Georgian, Greek, Guarani, Hebrew, Dutch, Hungarian, Yiddish, English, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Moldavian, Mongolian, Norwegian, Persian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Swedish, Thai, Czech, Turkish, Turkmenian, Ukrainian and Vietnamese (48 in total). These translations have been published in at least the following countries: Albania, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, North Korea, South Korea, Cuba, Denmark, Spain, United States United States, Slovakia, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Netherlands, Hungary, England, Iran, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Yugoslavia, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, Mongolia, Norway, Paraguay, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic , Romania, Russia, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela and Vietnam; Brazil must also be counted according to the national edition in Esperanto, totaling 52 nations. Jorge Amado (born August 10, 1912, Ferradas, near Ilhéus, Brazil—died August 6, 2001, Salvador) was a Brazilian novelist whose stories of life in the eastern Brazilian state of Bahia won international acclaim. Amado grew up on a cacao plantation, Auricídia, and was educated at the Jesuit college in Salvador and studied law at Federal University in Rio de Janeiro. He published his first novel at age 19. Three of his early works deal with the cacao plantations, emphasizing the exploitation and the misery of the migrant Blacks, mulattoes, and poor whites who harvest the crop and generally expressing communist solutions to social problems. The best of these works, Terras do sem fim (1942; The Violent Land), about the struggle of rival planters, has the primitive grandeur of a folk saga. Amado became a journalist in 1930, and his literary career paralleled a career in radical politics that won him election to the Constituent Assembly as a federal deputy representing the Communist Party of Brazil in 1946. He was imprisoned as early as 1935 and periodically exiled for his leftist activities, and many of his books were banned in Brazil and Portugal. He continued to produce novels with facility, most of them picaresque, ribald tales of Bahian city life, especially that of the racially conglomerate lower classes. Gabriela, cravo e canela (1958; Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon) and Dona Flor e seus dois maridos (1966; Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands; film, 1978) both preserve Amado’s political attitude in their satire. His later works include Tenda dos milagres (1969; Tent of Miracles), Tiêta do agreste (1977; Tieta, the Goat Girl), Tocaia grande (1984; Show Down), and O sumiço da santa (1993; The War of the Saints). Amado published his memoirs, Navegaçãu de cabotagem (“Coastal Navigation”), in 1992. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Encyclopaedia Britannica. Gregory Rabassa Table of Contents Introduction References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics Read Next Close up of books. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society 12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written” Britannica's Book Bingo. Take our reading challenge! Books range form greatest, banned, and counterculture. Britannica’s Book Bingo Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales. 10 Captivating Contemporary Novels Set in the British Isles A ginger cat sleeps in his soft cozy bed on a floor carpet, soft focus Lay, Lie, Lied, Lain: When Do We Use Which? Happy, smiling, flying pig 7 Everyday English Idioms and Where They Come From Discover pg 229Nazi parade features a banner proclaiming, "Death to Marxism."The possibility of a peaceful Germany after World War I was precluded entirely by the terms of the Versailles Treaty and theintransigent hostility of France and England. Stripped of indu Were the Nazis Socialists? Diverse elementary school children wearing school uniforms running outside of school. Boys girls Pro and Con: School Uniforms A Factory Interior, watercolor, pen and gray ink, graphite, and white goache on wove paper by unknown artist, c. 1871-91; in the Yale Center for British Art. Industrial Revolution England Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution If You'd Only Be My Valentine, American Valentine card, 1910. Cupid gathers a basket of red hearts from a pine tree which, in the language of flowers represents daring. Valentine's Day St. Valentine's Day February 14 love romance history and society heart In Roman mythology Cupid was the son of Venus, goddess of love (Eros and Aphrodite in the Greek Pantheon). Why Do We Give Valentine Cards? King George V of Britain, c. 1910, shortly after his accession to the throne How Did King George V Really Die? Adolf Hitler (Nazi, nazism, German leader). 9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler Iraqi Army Soldiers from the 9th Mechanized Division learning to operate and maintain M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks at Besmaya Combat Training Center, Baghdad, Iraq, 2011. Military training. Iraq war. U.S. Army 8 Deadliest Wars of the 21st Century Home Literature Novels & Short Stories Novelists L-Z Arts & Culture Gregory Rabassa American translator Also known as: Gregory Luis Rabassa Written and fact-checked by Article History Category: Arts & Culture In full: Gregory Luis Rabassa Born: March 9, 1922, Yonkers, New York, U.S. Died: June 13, 2016, Branford, Connecticut (aged 94) Notable Works: “One Hundred Years of Solitude” “The Green House” Gregory Rabassa, (born March 9, 1922, Yonkers, New York, U.S.—died June 13, 2016, Branford, Connecticut), American translator who was largely responsible for bringing the fiction of contemporary Latin America to the English-speaking public. Of his more than 30 translations from the Spanish and the Portuguese, the best known is Gabriel García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1970). Rabassa earned (1945) a bachelor’s degree in Romance languages from Dartmouth College, served as a cryptographer during World War II, and completed a master’s degree (1947) in Spanish and a doctorate (1954) in Portuguese language and literature, both from Columbia University. He taught (1948–69) at Columbia and thereafter was a faculty member at Queens College. In the 1960s Rabassa’s translations of short fiction for Odyssey Review, a literary quarterly, led to his being asked to render Julio Cortázar’s novel Rayuela (1963) in English. The resulting translation, Hopscotch (1966), earned Rabassa a 1967 National Book Award. He subsequently translated works of most of the major Latin American writers, becoming known for his sensitive and graceful interpretations. His notable works include Leaf Storm and Other Stories (1972), a translation of García Márquez’s novella La hojarasca, together with other short stories; The Autumn of the Patriarch (1976), a translation of García Márquez’s 1975 novel El otoño del patriarca; The Green House (1968), a translation of La casa verde (1965) by Mario Vargas Llosa; and Conversation in the Cathedral (1975), a translation of Vargas Llosa’s Conversación en la catedral (1969). Rabassa was most celebrated for his 1970 translation of García Márquez’s masterpiece Cien años de soledad (1967; One Hundred Years of Solitude), which García Márquez said surpassed the original. Rabassa was also known for his translations from Portuguese. He created English versions of the literary output of António Lobo Antunes of Portugal and of Brazilian writers Jorge Amado, Clarice Lispector, and Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis. Rabassa also wrote reviews and articles for journals such as The Nation, The New York Times Book Review, and The New Yorker. Rabassa was the recipient of numerous honours, including the first PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation (1982) and the National Medal of Arts (2006). His memoir, If This Be Treason: Translation and Its Dyscontents, was published in 2005. This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen. Northeastern school Table of Contents Introduction References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics Read Next Close up of books. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society 12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written” poem. A poet in a Heian period kimono writes Japanese poetry during the Kamo Kyokusui No En Ancient Festival at Jonan-gu shrine on April 29, 2013 in Kyoto, Japan. Festival of Kyokusui-no Utage orignated in 1,182, party Heian era (794-1192). World Poetry Day Discover British grenadiers at the Battle of Bunker Hill, painting by Edward Percy Moran, 1909. Timeline of the American Revolution soccer ball in the goal Why Do Some People Call Football “Soccer”? Adolf Hitler (Nazi, nazism, German leader). 9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler Towers of silence in a barren desert under clear blue skies. A Dakhma, also known as the Tower of Silence, is a circular, raised structure built by Zoroastrians for excarnation How Have Zoroastrians Been Treated in Muslim Iran? Iraqi Army Soldiers from the 9th Mechanized Division learning to operate and maintain M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks at Besmaya Combat Training Center, Baghdad, Iraq, 2011. Military training. Iraq war. U.S. Army 8 Deadliest Wars of the 21st Century pg 229Nazi parade features a banner proclaiming, "Death to Marxism."The possibility of a peaceful Germany after World War I was precluded entirely by the terms of the Versailles Treaty and theintransigent hostility of France and England. Stripped of indu Were the Nazis Socialists? Diverse elementary school children wearing school uniforms running outside of school. Boys girls Pro and Con: School Uniforms Home Literature Literatures of the World Arts & Culture Northeastern school Brazilian literature Also known as: Colégio Nordestino Written and fact-checked by Article History Category: Arts & Culture Portuguese: Colégio Nordestino Related Topics: Brazilian literature regionalism Northeastern school, group of 20th-century Brazilian regional writers whose fiction dealt primarily with the culture and social problems of Brazil’s hinterland Northeast. Stimulated by the Modernist-led revival of nationalism of the 1920s, the regionalists looked to the diverse ethnic and racial cultures of Brazil for inspiration. The gifted and dedicated group of prose writers of the Northeastern school included Gilberto Freyre, leader of the movement and author of the monumental Casa-Grande e Senzala (1933; The Masters and the Slaves); José Lins do Rego, who depicted the clash of the old and new ways of life in his Sugar Cane cycle of novels (1932–36); and Jorge Amado, who gave Brazil some of its best proletarian literature in such novels as Terras do sem fim (1942; The Violent Land) and Dona Flor e Seus Dois Maridos (1966; Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands). Also associated with the school were Graciliano Ramos, who explored the inner struggle of the individual, and Rachel de Queiroz, who wrote of the bandits, religious mystics, and forgotten men who inhabit the hinterland. assembly Table of Contents Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics Read Next Illustration of a Viking ship. Longship. medieval middle ages Scandinavian 5 Fast Facts About Vikings Discover Orange basketball on black background and with low key lighting. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society The 10 Greatest Basketball Players of All Time British grenadiers at the Battle of Bunker Hill, painting by Edward Percy Moran, 1909. Timeline of the American Revolution Still from the film Deliverance, 1919. The story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan. View shows Keller in the cockpit/front seat of an airplane. How Did Helen Keller Fly a Plane? The Colosseum, Rome, Italy. Giant amphitheatre built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. (ancient architecture; architectural ruins) New Seven Wonders of the World Close up of books. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society 12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written” Adolf Hitler (Nazi, nazism, German leader). 9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler After a perfect launch, spectators try to catch a last glimpse of Space Shuttle Columbia, barely visible at the top end of the twisted column of smoke. 7 Accidents and Disasters in Spaceflight History Home Politics, Law & Government Law, Crime & Punishment History & Society assembly government Written and fact-checked by Article History Category: History & Society Key People: Jorge Amado Related Topics: comitia veche Ecclesia zemsky sobor zemstvo Assembly, deliberative council, usually legislative or juridical in purpose and power. The name has been given to various ancient and modern bodies, both political and ecclesiastical. It has been applied to relatively permanent bodies meeting periodically, such as the ancient Greek and Roman assemblies, the Germanic tribal assemblies, the French National Assembly, the legislative houses called assemblies in certain states of the United States, and the UN General Assembly. It has also been applied to groups sitting only for special purposes and for limited periods, such as the Westminster Assembly, which met in 1643 to draft a new constitution for the Church of England. legislature Table of Contents Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics Related Questions What were Abraham Lincoln’s politics? How did Abraham Lincoln get into politics? What were Abraham Lincoln’s chief goals in the American Civil War? What is Abraham Lincoln’s legacy? What was Abraham Lincoln’s personal life like? Read Next The United States Supreme Court building, Washington, D.C. 14 Questions About Government in the United States Answered Close up of a hand placing a ballot in a ballot box. Election vote voter voting Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? The United States Supreme Court building, Washington, D.C. 14 Questions About Government in the United States Answered The impeachment trial of Pres. Andrew Johnson, illustration from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, March 28, 1868. What If the President Is Impeached? The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, Washington, D.C., April 14th, 1865; from a lithograph by Currier and Ives. 9 Infamous Assassins and the World Leaders They Dispatched Discover After a perfect launch, spectators try to catch a last glimpse of Space Shuttle Columbia, barely visible at the top end of the twisted column of smoke. 7 Accidents and Disasters in Spaceflight History Iraqi Army Soldiers from the 9th Mechanized Division learning to operate and maintain M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks at Besmaya Combat Training Center, Baghdad, Iraq, 2011. Military training. Iraq war. U.S. Army 8 Deadliest Wars of the 21st Century The Colosseum, Rome, Italy. Giant amphitheatre built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. (ancient architecture; architectural ruins) New Seven Wonders of the World Apollo 12 astronaut Charles "Pete" Conrad stands beside the U.S. flag after is was unfurled on the lunar surface during the first extravehicular activity (EVA-1) Nov. 19, 1969. Footprints made by the crew can be seen in the photograph. How Many People Have Been to the Moon? NBA Lakers Celtics Finals Kevin Garnett shooting. 10 Great Sports Rivalries King George V of Britain, c. 1910, shortly after his accession to the throne How Did King George V Really Die? Close up of books. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society 12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written” Home Politics, Law & Government Law, Crime & Punishment History & Society legislature government Written and fact-checked by Last Updated: Feb 23, 2024 • Article History Category: History & Society Key People: Abraham Lincoln John Tyler Bernard Landry John Henninger Reagan Ella Grasso Related Topics: parliamentary procedure impeachment bicameral system Cortes legislative investigative powers Recent News Feb. 23, 2024, 4:45 PM ET (AP) Bill headed to South Dakota governor would allow museum's taxidermy animals to find new homes Feb. 22, 2024, 4:08 PM ET (AP) GOP lawmakers try to thwart abortion rights ballot initiative in South Dakota Legislature, lawmaking branch of a government. Before the advent of legislatures, the law was dictated by monarchs. Early European legislatures include the English Parliament and the Icelandic Althing (founded c. 930). Legislatures may be unicameral or bicameral (see bicameral system). Their powers may include passing laws, establishing the government’s budget, confirming executive appointments, ratifying treaties, investigating the executive branch, impeaching and removing from office members of the executive and judiciary, and redressing constituents’ grievances. Members may be appointed or directly or indirectly elected; they may represent an entire population, particular groups, or territorial subdistricts. In presidential systems, the executive and legislative branches are clearly separated; in parliamentary systems, members of the executive branch are chosen from the legislative membership. See also Bundestag; Congress of the United States; Diet; Duma; European Parliament; Knesset; Canadian Parliament.
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • Language: English
  • Author: Jorge Amado
  • Topic: Literature, Modern
  • Subject: Literature & Fiction
  • Original/Facsimile: Original

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